The Ecology of Hydric Hammocks - USGS National Wetlands ...

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Table 7. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibians in three variants of hydric hammock along the routeof the proposed Cross-Florida Barge Canal, including associated aquatic habitats such as ponds andstreams (Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission 1976).SpeciesLob1 01 1 yCoastal Inland pinehydric hydric hydrichammocka hammock hammockEastern mud snake (Farancia abacura abacura) P-0Southern ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus punctatus) P-F P-F?ine~oadz sszke (Rhadiqaea f!avf 7ata)Rough green snake (Opheodrys aestivus) P-F P-FSouthern black racer (Coluber constrictor priapus) P-F P-FEastern coachwhip snake (Masticophis flage7lum flagellum) P-0 P-IEastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) P-0 C-FRed rat snake (Elaphe guttata guttata) P-0 P-0Yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata)P-FGulf Hammock rat snake (Elaphe o. 9. x E. o. spiloides) C-0 P-FScarlet kingsnake (Lamprope7tis trianguium elapsoides) F-0Eastern kingsnake (Lamprope7tis getulus getulus) P-0Florida scarlet snake (Cemophora coccinea coccinea) P-0 P-0Rough earth snake (Virginfa striatula)Florida water snake (Nerodia fasciata pictiventris)Peninsula ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritus sackeni)P-0P-FBlue-striped ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritus nitae)C-FEastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) P-0Blue-striped garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis similis) C - FStriped crayfish snake (Regina a1 leni)Northern Florida swamp snake (Seminatrix pygaea pygaea) P-0Florida brown snake (Storeria dekayi victa) P-0 P-0Florida red-bellied snake (Storeria occipitomaculata obscura)P-FEastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) P-0 P-0Florida cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorous conanti)P-FDusky pigmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) P-F P-0Eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) P-0 P-0Stinkpot turtle (Stet-notherus odoratus)P-CStriped mud turtle (Kinosternon baurii)P-FFlorida mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum steindachneri)Florida box turtle (Terrapene carolina bauri) P-0 P-FPeninsula cooter (Pseudemys f loridana peninsularis) P-0Green anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) P-F P-FSouthern fence lizard (Scelcporus undulatus undulatus) F-0Eastern glass 1 izard (Ophisaurus ventral is)P-FIs1 and gl ass 1 izard. (Ophisaurus compressus)P- IGround skink (Scincel7a laterale) P-F P-FBroad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps) P- I C-FSoutheastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus)P-FTwo-toed amphi uma (Amphiuma means) P-0Striped newt (Notophtha7mus perstriatus) P-0Peninsula newt (Notophthalmus viridescens piaropicola)P-FMote salamander (Ambystoma talpojdeum) P-0Slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus)C-FDwarf salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata) P-0Southern dusky salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus) P-0Greater siren (Siren lacertina) P-0Eastern spadefoot toad (Scaphiophus ho7brooki holbrooki) P-0Oak toad (Bufo quercicus)Southern toad (Bufo terrestris) P-F P- FFlorida cricket frog (Acris gryllus dorsalis) P-0 P-FC-FP- IC- IP-FP- FP-FP-0P-0P-0P-0P-FP-FP- IC-FP-0P-FP-0P-FP-FP-0P-FP-0P-FP-F(Continued)
--Table 7. (Concluded),Loblol lyCoastal Inland pineSpecieshydric hydrichammocka hammockhydrichammockLittle grass frog (Limnaoedus ccularis) P-F P-FFlorida chorus frog (Pseudacris nigrita verrucosa)Green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) P- F P-FP- FP-FSouthern spring peeper (Hyla crucifer bartramiana) P-F P-0Pinewoods treefrog (Hyla femoralis)P- FRarking treefrog (Hyla qratiosa) P-0 P-FSquirrel treefrog (Hyla squirella) P- F P-F P-FCope's gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscel is)Greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris)P-FP-FBullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) P-0 P- ISouthern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) P- F P-F P-FBronze frog (Rana clamitans clamitans)River frog (Rana heckscheri)P-0P- IPig frog (Rana gryl io)P-FEastern narrow-mouth toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis) P-F P-F P-FTotal number of species 2 8 51 50aThe coastal hammock sampled here was topographically diverse and included some mesicand xeric hammock. The sample also included the eastern hognose snake (Heterodonp7atyrhinos), Florida crowned snake (Tantil la relicta rei icta), Peninsula mole skink(Eumeces egregius onocrepis) , and Florida worm l izard (Rhineura f loridana) , which donot occur in hydric hammock. Other species characteristic of mesic or xeric hammockmay also have been over-represented in this sample.C = characteristicP = presentF = frequent0 = occasionalI - itlfreqiier~tof hydric hammocks. In a permanentplot in 1 oblol ly pine hydric hammock(Table 8), more than 97 individuals of8 species of reptiles and amphibianswere found in quadrat sampling, andmore than 245 individuals of 17species were found in time-constrainedsampl i ng . Compared wi th seven otherhabitats so sampled in the region, hydrichammock ranked second in the numberof species present and had morethan twice as many individuals as inany other habitat. The two methodstogether produced more than 342 individualsof 18 species, more than inany other habitat. The most abundantspecies were the green anole, groundskink, Florida cricket frog, 1 ittlegrass frog, squirrel treefrog, andgreenhouse frog. The little grassfrog and squirrel treefrog reachedtheir maximum abundance in this habi -tat.Arrays of drift fences fitted withpi t-fall traps and funnel -traps captureda different set of reptiles andamphibians (Tab1 e 9). Compared withten other habitats sampled by thistechnique, hydric hammock ranked secondin number of species and third innumber of individual s captured (withcaptures of the greenhouse frogdeleted because of its selection oftraps for shelter). The most commonspecies in hydric hammock were thenarrow-mouth toad, spadefoot toad, andground skink. The spadefoot toad
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Copies of this publication may be o
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DISCLAIMERThe opinions and recommen
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CONVERSION TABLEMetric to U.S. Cust
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FIGURESNumber1AL...............Dist
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NumberTABLESPaqeClassifications of
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION"Hammock, ho
Page 15 and 16: whereas hydric hammock is a still-w
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL SElTiNG2.3 CLIM
Page 19 and 20: Recent and PIe~sIoLene sands clay m
Page 21 and 22: ern vegetation associations formed-
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Comparison of surface soil
Page 25 and 26: throughout the year in Florida, and
Page 27 and 28: Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of
Page 29 and 30: +southari:magnolla+-------cabbage p
Page 31 and 32: frequency may be once per year in f
Page 33 and 34: Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric
Page 35 and 36: Table 4. (Continued).Scientific nam
Page 37 and 38: of the subcanopy and shrub layers i
Page 39 and 40: sites were not chosen randomly;rath
Page 41 and 42: When present in a hydric hammock,ca
Page 43 and 44: hydric harriniock forests. These sp
Page 45 and 46: was the most frequent shrub in the
Page 47 and 48: Gulf Hammock is rep1 aced abruptly
Page 49 and 50: A sequence of changes in plantmat a
Page 51 and 52: I ~ U mapleswamp laurel oak 3:1100b
Page 53 and 54: The salt concentration of hydricham
Page 55 and 56: Cabbage palm is the most fire-toler
Page 57 and 58: frequent fires, a1 though timber ha
Page 59: Figure 38. Tree blowdowns due to hu
Page 62 and 63: locally collected litter lost 85% o
Page 66 and 67: Table 8. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 BIRDS4.3.1 Community StructureM
Page 70 and 71: Table 11. (Concluded).- ----Variabl
Page 72 and 73: and cerambyci d beet1 es) . Unl i k
Page 74 and 75: no specific habitat preference; it
Page 76 and 77: not take place in years of mast fai
Page 78 and 79: Graves 1977). These observations su
Page 80 and 81: Consumption of fleshy fruits by res
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 6. LINKAGES WITH OTHER ECOS
Page 84: R Amerlcan swallow-tailed kite b. t
Page 87: Conner, W.H., and J.W. Day, Jr. 197
Page 90 and 91: Duck foods in managed tidalimpoundm
Page 92 and 93: Puri, M,S., 3.W, Yon, and W.R.Ogles
Page 94 and 95: Wharton, C.H. 1977. The naturalenvi
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