The Ecology of Hydric Hammocks - USGS National Wetlands ...

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Table 8. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibians in a loblolly pine hydric hammock on the route of theproposed Cross-Florida Barge Canal (Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission f 976).SpeciesSpring S urnrne r Autumn-Area- 1 imited search of a 1000-2 quadrat without time limitsScar1 et ki ngsnakeGreen anoleGround skinkOak toadLittle grass frogPinewoods treefrogSquirrel treefrogGreenhouse frogTotal species/individual s 5/9 7/>54Time-limited search for 6 man-hours without marked boundariesPinewoods snakeBlack racerFlorida cottonmouthFlorida box turtleGreen anoleGround skinkSoutheastern five-1 ined skinkUnidentified skinkOak toadSouthern toadFlorida cricket frogLittle grass frogPinewoods treefrogSquirrel treefrogGreenhouse frogSouthern 1 eopard frogEastern narrow-mouth toadTotal species/individual s 7/>62 12/>99reached its maximum abundance in thishabitat.During intensive sampling of theloblolly pine variant of coastal hydrichammock in St. Marks NationalWild1 ife Refuge, Wakulla County,Florida, 12 species of reptiles andamphibians were found (U.S. Fish andWildlife Service 119801): pigmy rattlesnake,ribbon snake, black racer,box turtle, green anole, ground skink,broad-headed skink, southern toad,green treefrog, squirrel treefrog,southern 1 eopard frog, and narrowmouthtoad. In continuous sampling inthis habitat (Table lo), the communityof reptiles and amphibians ranked secondin number of individuals and ninthin number of species, compared withsimilar samples from 11 other habitatsin that region. The most common
Table 9. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibiansin two drift fence arrays with pit-fall traps andfunnel-traps from 31 March lo 18 October 1975, ina hydric hammock on the route of the proposedCross-Florida Barge Canal (Florida Game andFresh Water Fish Commission 1976).Table 10. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibiansin two drift fence arrays with pit-fall traps andfunnel-traps from 9 December 1978 to 25 July1979, in coastal hydric hammock, loblolly pinevariant, in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge,Wakulla Co., Florida (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service1980).SpeciesNumberSpeciesNumberSouthern ri ngneck snakeEastern coachwhip snakeEastern garter snakeFlorida red-be1 1 ied snakeDusky pigmy rattlesnakeStriped mud turtleGreen anoleGround skinkBroad-headed ski nkSl imy salamanderEastern spadefoot toadSouthern toadLittle grass frogSouthern spring peeperSouthern 1 eopard frogBronze frogEastern narrow-mouth toadTotal speciesTotal individualsSouthern ringneck snakeSouthern bl ac k racerScarlet kingsnakeEastern ki ngsnakeFlorida scar1 et snakeFlorida water snakeRibbon snakeGarter snakeFlorida red-bell ied snakeFlorida mud turtleGreen anoleGround skinkBroad-headed ski nkOne-toed amphiuma(Amphiuma pho7eter)Sl imy sal amanderDwarf sal amanderSouthern toadCope's gray treefrogGreen treefrogSquirrel treefrogBull frogSouthern 1 eopard frogEastern narrow-mouth toadspecies were garter snake, red-be1 1 i edsnake, ground ski nk, broad-headedskink, green treefrog, squirreltreefrog, southern leopard frog, andnarrow-mouth toad.Studies of particul ar species ofreptiles or amphibians specifically inhydric hammock are almost non-existent.The lone exception is the easternindigo snake, a threatenedspecies. This species spends most ofthe winter in dens in hollow rootchannels and rodent burrows at thebases of large live oaks; other densites are armadi 11 o burrows, hol lowlogs, solution holes in limestone outcrops,and windrows of debris from1 umbering operations (Moler El9851 ) .Total speciesTotal individualsIndigo snakes breed in late autumn andwinter (Speake et al. 19781, whenmales make brief trips away from densapparently in search of females (Moler[I9851) . During summer, indigo snakesare often found in association withponds. Animals with access to bothclearcuts and uncut hammock seem toprefer the former, frequently occurringnear the ecotone of clearcut andhammock. Home ranges in winter average6.5 ha in size; in summer, theyaverage 158 ha (Moler 119851).
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Copies of this publication may be o
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DISCLAIMERThe opinions and recommen
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CONVERSION TABLEMetric to U.S. Cust
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FIGURESNumber1AL...............Dist
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NumberTABLESPaqeClassifications of
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION"Hammock, ho
Page 15 and 16: whereas hydric hammock is a still-w
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL SElTiNG2.3 CLIM
Page 19 and 20: Recent and PIe~sIoLene sands clay m
Page 21 and 22: ern vegetation associations formed-
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Comparison of surface soil
Page 25 and 26: throughout the year in Florida, and
Page 27 and 28: Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of
Page 29 and 30: +southari:magnolla+-------cabbage p
Page 31 and 32: frequency may be once per year in f
Page 33 and 34: Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric
Page 35 and 36: Table 4. (Continued).Scientific nam
Page 37 and 38: of the subcanopy and shrub layers i
Page 39 and 40: sites were not chosen randomly;rath
Page 41 and 42: When present in a hydric hammock,ca
Page 43 and 44: hydric harriniock forests. These sp
Page 45 and 46: was the most frequent shrub in the
Page 47 and 48: Gulf Hammock is rep1 aced abruptly
Page 49 and 50: A sequence of changes in plantmat a
Page 51 and 52: I ~ U mapleswamp laurel oak 3:1100b
Page 53 and 54: The salt concentration of hydricham
Page 55 and 56: Cabbage palm is the most fire-toler
Page 57 and 58: frequent fires, a1 though timber ha
Page 59: Figure 38. Tree blowdowns due to hu
Page 62 and 63: locally collected litter lost 85% o
Page 64 and 65: Table 7. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 BIRDS4.3.1 Community StructureM
Page 70 and 71: Table 11. (Concluded).- ----Variabl
Page 72 and 73: and cerambyci d beet1 es) . Unl i k
Page 74 and 75: no specific habitat preference; it
Page 76 and 77: not take place in years of mast fai
Page 78 and 79: Graves 1977). These observations su
Page 80 and 81: Consumption of fleshy fruits by res
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 6. LINKAGES WITH OTHER ECOS
Page 84: R Amerlcan swallow-tailed kite b. t
Page 87: Conner, W.H., and J.W. Day, Jr. 197
Page 90 and 91: Duck foods in managed tidalimpoundm
Page 92 and 93: Puri, M,S., 3.W, Yon, and W.R.Ogles
Page 94 and 95: Wharton, C.H. 1977. The naturalenvi
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