The Ecology of Hydric Hammocks - USGS National Wetlands ...

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Wharton, C.H. 1977. The naturalenvironments of Georgia. Office ofBi dilirifi$ R?:c:r~h, ~coYCJ;?.Department of Natural Resources,Atlanta, Ga. 227 pp.Wharbon, C.H., H.T. Odum, K. Ewel, M.Duever, A. Lugo, R. Boyt, J.Bartholomew, E. DeBellevue, S.Brown, M. Brown, and L. Duever.1977. Forested wet1 ands of Florida- their management and use. Centerfor Wetlands, University of Florida,Gainejvilf 2.Wharton, C.H., W.M. Kitchens, E.C.Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982.The ecol ogy of bottom1 and hardwoodswamps of the Southeast: acommunity profile. U.S. Fish Wildl.Serv. FWS/OBS-81/37. 133 pp.White, W.A. 1970. The geomorphologyof the Florida peninsula. Fla.Geoi . Sur-v. Bull. 51. 163 pp.Whitlow, T.H., and R.W. Harris. 1979.Flood tolerance in plants: a stateof-the-artreview. U.S. ArmyEngineers Waterways Experiment Stn.Tech. Rep. E-79-2. Vicksburg, Miss.161 pp.Williams, L.E., Jr. 1978. Floridablack bear. Pages 23-25 in J.N.iayne, ed. F.idrntedl s . Rdre aridendangered biota of Florida, Vol. 1.University Presses of Florida,Gainesvil le.Winker, C.D., and J.D. Howard. 1977.Pl io-Pl ei stocene pal eogeography ofthe Florida gulf coast interpretedfrom re1 i ct shore1 i nes. Trans. GulfCoast Assoc. Geol . Soc. 27:409-420.Wirtz, W.O., D.H. Austin, and G.W.Delke. 1985. Food habits of thecommon 1 ong-nosed armad i 11 o Dasypusnovemcinctus in Florida, 1960-61.Pages 439-451 in G.G. Rontgomery,ed. The evolution and ecology ofarmadillos, sloths, andvermi 1 i nguas .SmithsonianInstitution Press, Washington D.C.451 pp.Wood, G.W., and R.E. Brenneman. 1980.Feral hog movements and habitat usein coastal South Carolina. J.Wildl . Manage. 44:420-426.Wood, G.W., and D.N. Roark. 1980.Food habits of feral hog in coastalSouth Carolina. J. Wildl. Manage.44:506-511.Woolfenden, G.E. 1967. Live oakcabbagepalm hammock. Audubon FieldNotes 21:635-637.Woolfenden, G.E. 1968. Live oakcabbagcpal n hazmock. Audubon FieldNotes 22:488.
PAGE4. Title and SubtitleThe Ecology of Hydric Hammocks:a Community Profile2. 3. Rac~piant's Accesston No.I7. Author(s)Susan W. Vince, Stephen R. Humphrey, and Robert W. Simons9. Performing Organization Name and AddrassAuthor Affiliation:Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida--I8. Psrtormlng Organization Rept. No.10. Pmiect/Task/Work Unit No.t11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.(C)t ~ S ~ i r i Organiratlon n e Name and AddressU.S. Department of the InteriorFish and Wildlife ServiceNational Wet1 and Research CenterWashington. DC 2024015. supplementary Notes16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)This publication describes the nature and dynamics of a type of forestedwetland called hydric hammock. Hydric hammock has not been carefullydefined or studied, and it often is ignored or lumped with other mixedhardwood forests. Hydric hammock occurs at low elevations along the gulfcoast of Florida from Aripeka to St. Marks and at various inland sites inFlorida. The largest contiguous tracts occur along the gulf coast and theSt. Johns River. Sites typically are gentle slopes between mesic hammockor pine flatwoods and river swamp, wet prairie, or marsh. Hydric hammocksoccur on soils that are poorly drained or have high water tables, andoccasional flooding saturates the soils long enough to restrict or modifyspecies composition. Hydric hammocks typically contain live and swamp1 aurel oaks (Quercus virginiana and Qoercus 1 aurifo 1 ia) , cabbage palm(Sabal pa7metto), southern red-cedar (Juniperus silicicola), sweetgum(Liquidambar styraciflua), and hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana). Hydrichammocks lack certain tree species while sharing others with both upslopemesic forests and downslope swamp forests. The vertebrate fauna containsno unique species but has a high diversity of species and high abundanceof selected species. Hydric hammocks are particularly important habitatfor game species and for overwintering passerine birds.17. Document Analysis 8. Deacdptonforested wet1 and 1 imestone l inkageFl orida fire plant-animal interactionsinundationgame an i ma1 swater tablepasserine birds(G)!ic. COSATI FitldlGroup16 Ava~labllity StatementUnlimited distribution19. Securrty Class CThas Report)Unclassified20. Seeurtty Class Vhis Page)Unclassified21. No of Pagesix + 81n. Pnce(See ANSI-239.18) OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)(Fomnrly NTIS-35)
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Copies of this publication may be o
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DISCLAIMERThe opinions and recommen
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CONVERSION TABLEMetric to U.S. Cust
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FIGURESNumber1AL...............Dist
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NumberTABLESPaqeClassifications of
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION"Hammock, ho
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whereas hydric hammock is a still-w
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CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL SElTiNG2.3 CLIM
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Recent and PIe~sIoLene sands clay m
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ern vegetation associations formed-
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Table 3. Comparison of surface soil
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throughout the year in Florida, and
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Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of
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+southari:magnolla+-------cabbage p
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frequency may be once per year in f
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Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric
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Table 4. (Continued).Scientific nam
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of the subcanopy and shrub layers i
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sites were not chosen randomly;rath
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When present in a hydric hammock,ca
Page 43 and 44: hydric harriniock forests. These sp
Page 45 and 46: was the most frequent shrub in the
Page 47 and 48: Gulf Hammock is rep1 aced abruptly
Page 49 and 50: A sequence of changes in plantmat a
Page 51 and 52: I ~ U mapleswamp laurel oak 3:1100b
Page 53 and 54: The salt concentration of hydricham
Page 55 and 56: Cabbage palm is the most fire-toler
Page 57 and 58: frequent fires, a1 though timber ha
Page 59: Figure 38. Tree blowdowns due to hu
Page 62 and 63: locally collected litter lost 85% o
Page 64 and 65: Table 7. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 66 and 67: Table 8. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 BIRDS4.3.1 Community StructureM
Page 70 and 71: Table 11. (Concluded).- ----Variabl
Page 72 and 73: and cerambyci d beet1 es) . Unl i k
Page 74 and 75: no specific habitat preference; it
Page 76 and 77: not take place in years of mast fai
Page 78 and 79: Graves 1977). These observations su
Page 80 and 81: Consumption of fleshy fruits by res
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 6. LINKAGES WITH OTHER ECOS
Page 84: R Amerlcan swallow-tailed kite b. t
Page 87: Conner, W.H., and J.W. Day, Jr. 197
Page 90 and 91: Duck foods in managed tidalimpoundm
Page 92 and 93: Puri, M,S., 3.W, Yon, and W.R.Ogles
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