Wharton, C.H. 1977. <strong>The</strong> naturalenvironments <strong>of</strong> Georgia. Office <strong>of</strong>Bi dilirifi$ R?:c:r~h, ~coYCJ;?.Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources,Atlanta, Ga. 227 pp.Wharbon, C.H., H.T. Odum, K. Ewel, M.Duever, A. Lugo, R. Boyt, J.Bartholomew, E. DeBellevue, S.Brown, M. Brown, and L. Duever.1977. Forested wet1 ands <strong>of</strong> Florida- their management and use. Centerfor <strong>Wetlands</strong>, University <strong>of</strong> Florida,Gainejvilf 2.Wharton, C.H., W.M. Kitchens, E.C.Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982.<strong>The</strong> ecol ogy <strong>of</strong> bottom1 and hardwoodswamps <strong>of</strong> the Southeast: acommunity pr<strong>of</strong>ile. U.S. Fish Wildl.Serv. FWS/OBS-81/37. 133 pp.White, W.A. 1970. <strong>The</strong> geomorphology<strong>of</strong> the Florida peninsula. Fla.Geoi . Sur-v. Bull. 51. 163 pp.Whitlow, T.H., and R.W. Harris. 1979.Flood tolerance in plants: a state<strong>of</strong>-the-artreview. U.S. ArmyEngineers Waterways Experiment Stn.Tech. Rep. E-79-2. Vicksburg, Miss.161 pp.Williams, L.E., Jr. 1978. Floridablack bear. Pages 23-25 in J.N.iayne, ed. F.idrntedl s . Rdre aridendangered biota <strong>of</strong> Florida, Vol. 1.University Presses <strong>of</strong> Florida,Gainesvil le.Winker, C.D., and J.D. Howard. 1977.Pl io-Pl ei stocene pal eogeography <strong>of</strong>the Florida gulf coast interpretedfrom re1 i ct shore1 i nes. Trans. GulfCoast Assoc. Geol . Soc. 27:409-420.Wirtz, W.O., D.H. Austin, and G.W.Delke. 1985. Food habits <strong>of</strong> thecommon 1 ong-nosed armad i 11 o Dasypusnovemcinctus in Florida, 1960-61.Pages 439-451 in G.G. Rontgomery,ed. <strong>The</strong> evolution and ecology <strong>of</strong>armadillos, sloths, andvermi 1 i nguas .SmithsonianInstitution Press, Washington D.C.451 pp.Wood, G.W., and R.E. Brenneman. 1980.Feral hog movements and habitat usein coastal South Carolina. J.Wildl . Manage. 44:420-426.Wood, G.W., and D.N. Roark. 1980.Food habits <strong>of</strong> feral hog in coastalSouth Carolina. J. Wildl. Manage.44:506-511.Woolfenden, G.E. 1967. Live oakcabbagepalm hammock. Audubon FieldNotes 21:635-637.Woolfenden, G.E. 1968. Live oakcabbagcpal n hazmock. Audubon FieldNotes 22:488.
PAGE4. Title and Subtitle<strong>The</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Hydric</strong> <strong>Hammocks</strong>:a Community Pr<strong>of</strong>ile2. 3. Rac~piant's Accesston No.I7. Author(s)Susan W. Vince, Stephen R. Humphrey, and Robert W. Simons9. Performing Organization Name and AddrassAuthor Affiliation:Florida Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural HistoryUniversity <strong>of</strong> Florida--I8. Psrtormlng Organization Rept. No.10. Pmiect/Task/Work Unit No.t11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.(C)t ~ S ~ i r i Organiratlon n e Name and AddressU.S. Department <strong>of</strong> the InteriorFish and Wildlife Service<strong>National</strong> Wet1 and Research CenterWashington. DC 2024015. supplementary Notes16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)This publication describes the nature and dynamics <strong>of</strong> a type <strong>of</strong> forestedwetland called hydric hammock. <strong>Hydric</strong> hammock has not been carefullydefined or studied, and it <strong>of</strong>ten is ignored or lumped with other mixedhardwood forests. <strong>Hydric</strong> hammock occurs at low elevations along the gulfcoast <strong>of</strong> Florida from Aripeka to St. Marks and at various inland sites inFlorida. <strong>The</strong> largest contiguous tracts occur along the gulf coast and theSt. Johns River. Sites typically are gentle slopes between mesic hammockor pine flatwoods and river swamp, wet prairie, or marsh. <strong>Hydric</strong> hammocksoccur on soils that are poorly drained or have high water tables, andoccasional flooding saturates the soils long enough to restrict or modifyspecies composition. <strong>Hydric</strong> hammocks typically contain live and swamp1 aurel oaks (Quercus virginiana and Qoercus 1 aurifo 1 ia) , cabbage palm(Sabal pa7metto), southern red-cedar (Juniperus silicicola), sweetgum(Liquidambar styraciflua), and hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana). <strong>Hydric</strong>hammocks lack certain tree species while sharing others with both upslopemesic forests and downslope swamp forests. <strong>The</strong> vertebrate fauna containsno unique species but has a high diversity <strong>of</strong> species and high abundance<strong>of</strong> selected species. <strong>Hydric</strong> hammocks are particularly important habitatfor game species and for overwintering passerine birds.17. Document Analysis 8. Deacdptonforested wet1 and 1 imestone l inkageFl orida fire plant-animal interactionsinundationgame an i ma1 swater tablepasserine birds(G)!ic. COSATI FitldlGroup16 Ava~labllity StatementUnlimited distribution19. Securrty Class CThas Report)Unclassified20. Seeurtty Class Vhis Page)Unclassified21. No <strong>of</strong> Pagesix + 81n. Pnce(See ANSI-239.18) OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)(Fomnrly NTIS-35)
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Copies of this publication may be o
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DISCLAIMERThe opinions and recommen
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CONVERSION TABLEMetric to U.S. Cust
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FIGURESNumber1AL...............Dist
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NumberTABLESPaqeClassifications of
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION"Hammock, ho
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whereas hydric hammock is a still-w
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CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL SElTiNG2.3 CLIM
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Recent and PIe~sIoLene sands clay m
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ern vegetation associations formed-
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Table 3. Comparison of surface soil
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throughout the year in Florida, and
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Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of
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+southari:magnolla+-------cabbage p
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frequency may be once per year in f
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Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric
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Table 4. (Continued).Scientific nam
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of the subcanopy and shrub layers i
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sites were not chosen randomly;rath
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When present in a hydric hammock,ca
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