The Ecology of Hydric Hammocks - USGS National Wetlands ...

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DISCLAIMERThe opinions and recommendations expressed in this report are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service, nor does the mention of trade names constituteendorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataVince, Susan W.The ecology of hydric hammocks : a community profile / by Susan W. Vince,Stephen R. Humphrey, Robert W. Simons; project officer, James Allen ; performed forU.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research andDevelopment.p. cm. -- (Biological report ; 85 (7.26) (Sept. 1989))Includes bibliographical references.Supt. of Docs. no.: 149.89/2:85(7.26)1. Wetland ecology--Florida. 2. Forest ecology--Florida. I. Humphrey, StephenR. 11. Simons, Robert W. 111. Allen, James A. IV. Title. V. Title: Hydrichammocks. VI. Series: Biological report (Washington, D.C.) ; 85-7.26.Suggested citation:Vince, S.W., S.R. Humphrey, and R.W. Simons. 1989. The ecologyof hydric hammocks: a community profile. U.S. Fish W i ldl. Serv.Biol. Rep, 85(7.26). 81 pp.
PREFACEThis community profile is one in a series of Fish and WildlifeService publ ications compiled to provide a state-of-knowledge synthesisof scientific information and 1 i terature on various coastal habitats.The subject of this profile is the hydric hammock, a distinctive type offorested wetland occurring at low elevations along the gulf coast ofFlorida from Aripeka to St. Marks and at various inland sites inFlorida.Re1 atively 1 i ttle research has been conducted in hydric hammocks,and no thorough effort has been made previously to define thiscommunity. Consequently, no consensus has existed about the extent andnature of this community; some publ i shed works and active researchershave differed in their judgments about it; and the entity sometimes isignored and often is lumped with other types of mixed hardwood forests.The purpose of this profile is to establish or clarify an identificationand understanding of the hydric-hammock community. Information for theprof i 1 e was gathered from publ i shed and unpubl i shed 1 i terature, frompersonal communication with many technical experts, and from our ownfield experience. The profile includes some new data gathered in thefield for the purpose of defining this community.It is hoped that the content and format of the profile will beuseful to a broad spectrum of users, including other scientists,students, resource managers and planners, teachers, and interestedcitizens. The profi 1 e includes structural and functional aspects of thecommunity: its physical setting, plant and animal composition anddynamics, interactions of its flora and fauna, and its relationshipswith other communities.
Page 2 and 3: Copies of this publication may be o
Page 6 and 7: CONVERSION TABLEMetric to U.S. Cust
Page 8 and 9: FIGURESNumber1AL...............Dist
Page 10 and 11: NumberTABLESPaqeClassifications of
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION"Hammock, ho
Page 15 and 16: whereas hydric hammock is a still-w
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL SElTiNG2.3 CLIM
Page 19 and 20: Recent and PIe~sIoLene sands clay m
Page 21 and 22: ern vegetation associations formed-
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Comparison of surface soil
Page 25 and 26: throughout the year in Florida, and
Page 27 and 28: Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of
Page 29 and 30: +southari:magnolla+-------cabbage p
Page 31 and 32: frequency may be once per year in f
Page 33 and 34: Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric
Page 35 and 36: Table 4. (Continued).Scientific nam
Page 37 and 38: of the subcanopy and shrub layers i
Page 39 and 40: sites were not chosen randomly;rath
Page 41 and 42: When present in a hydric hammock,ca
Page 43 and 44: hydric harriniock forests. These sp
Page 45 and 46: was the most frequent shrub in the
Page 47 and 48: Gulf Hammock is rep1 aced abruptly
Page 49 and 50: A sequence of changes in plantmat a
Page 51 and 52: I ~ U mapleswamp laurel oak 3:1100b
Page 53 and 54: The salt concentration of hydricham
Page 55 and 56:
Cabbage palm is the most fire-toler
Page 57 and 58:
frequent fires, a1 though timber ha
Page 59:
Figure 38. Tree blowdowns due to hu
Page 62 and 63:
locally collected litter lost 85% o
Page 64 and 65:
Table 7. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 66 and 67:
Table 8. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 68 and 69:
4.3 BIRDS4.3.1 Community StructureM
Page 70 and 71:
Table 11. (Concluded).- ----Variabl
Page 72 and 73:
and cerambyci d beet1 es) . Unl i k
Page 74 and 75:
no specific habitat preference; it
Page 76 and 77:
not take place in years of mast fai
Page 78 and 79:
Graves 1977). These observations su
Page 80 and 81:
Consumption of fleshy fruits by res
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER 6. LINKAGES WITH OTHER ECOS
Page 84:
R Amerlcan swallow-tailed kite b. t
Page 87:
Conner, W.H., and J.W. Day, Jr. 197
Page 90 and 91:
Duck foods in managed tidalimpoundm
Page 92 and 93:
Puri, M,S., 3.W, Yon, and W.R.Ogles
Page 94 and 95:
Wharton, C.H. 1977. The naturalenvi
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