WHOI-90-52

The Inuence of Japanes Industrial Targeting and Trade Policy on the Markets for
Marine Electronic Inruments
Background
James M. Broadus
Marne Policy Center
Woos Hole Oceaographic Institution
In Broadus et al. (1988), we presented a broad overview of the organization of firms and
industrial networks through which products in the field of marne electronic instrmentation
(MEI) are marketed. The resech that went into the preparation of that report has been
continued with, among other things, an emphasis on tehnologica histories. These histories (or
"case studies") have been directed at determining the origins of reseach and development (R&D)
activities, identifying the sources of resech sponsorship, and understading the meas by which
funding for technologica development has crossed the boundares of end user setors.
In addition to the technology histories, we have begun to analyze technology transfer among
private, nonprofit, and public setors in this field (Kte-Powell and Hoagland, in this volume)
and the role of foreign governments in the promotion of their own MEI industres. Elsewhere
in this volume, Hoagland and Kite-Powell report on the preliminar results of their fact-finding
mission to six Europe countres and the Commission of the Europe Communities. We were
unable to conduct a similar mission to Japan this summer. However, we are able to outline some
of the technological developments that currently are tang place in the MEI field in Japan and
to identify some of the major issues facing U.S. industry there.
Japanese government involvement in the MEI field, as in other advanced technology fields, can
be divided into two elements (ACTPN, 1989; Heaton, 1988). The first is government
involvement in the resech endeavor, espeially through its "intertwined", but coordinated
relationship with the industral establishment, the "tageting" of broad-scale reseach opportunities,
and the direct sponsorship of R&D, product development, and marketing. The second
element is trade policy.
Japanese Government Reseach and MEI R&D Targets
In the MEI field, the high-volume, low-margin consumer electronics markets have been most
subject to Japanese competition. Consumer electronics is the kind of market in which the
Japanese excel -- it's the paradigm of Japanese international competitiveness. (U.S.
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