WHOI-90-52

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Dual-Use Interactions Unfortunately, terms such as "dual-use" and "tehnology trsfer" imply that the application of defense tehnology to commercial purpses (and vice versa) is a relatively straightforward procss; that "dua use tehnologies" are black boxes into which defense or commercial activities ca be plugged interchangeably. The interactions we are looking at are more complicate and ocur on many levels; they are impossible to describe fully in a diagram. By dua-use tehnology, we mea not only arfacts that ca be found in both weapons systems and commercial products but also the underlying knowledge bas, analytica tehniques, tehnica procsses and design and manufacturing experience by which we apply our knowledge to solve problems. Focusing on arfacts without considerig the underlying bas of tehnica knowledge ca be very misleading. Figure 1, taen from ongoing work by Professor Ashton Carr at the Kennedy School, ilustrates some of these relationships.22 On this figure, the mai problems facing the nation are in the horizonta direction -- ensuring that both the defense and the commercial setors function effectively. Dua-use linkages are represented here by vertca lines. Note that we are conjecturing that the strongest linkages are those at the sub-tier levels-- the subcontractors and component suppliers that dea with both milta and commercial clients. We believe these interactions to be significat, but have not been able to find much quantitative analyses at these levels. Also note on this diagram are the more indirect linkages between the commercial setor and milta funded resech in universities and national laboratories. Much of the national "tehnology trsfer" debate focuses on how well technologies develope in the national laboratories or in universities becomes utilized in products. However, it is importt to note that the "horizonta n problems I have mentioned are probably more assoiated with product and procss design and with production that they are with the resech and development. Therefore, even if these "tehnology trsfer" linkages are strengthened, the most importt problems may remain. Focusing primarly on resech and development misses the essence of our problem. 22Ashton B. Carer, "Anatomy of the Dual-Use Relationship," Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program Discussion Paper 88-05; Figure 8, p. 25. 57 , . ",o ¡, , I
NAT LABS , .. R&D .... ... í7 I DEFENSE .... ~ TECHNOLOGY RELATIONSHIPS ... .... .. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... DEFENSE PRIME CONTRACTORS . ...... . ". L. UN IVERSITI ES ......~..... 2nd 3rd . . I . . " . . " . . '\ . " . : COMMERCIAL R&D T . .... Figure 1. The Defens/Commercial Technology Relationship 58 TIER TIER COMMERCIAL END-PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS
Page 2:
-- !! -== -I" 0- ;; .- -rt õ=.. ai
Page 5 and 6:
ABSTRACT Thirteen short papers addr
Page 7 and 8:
The Status and Promise of Electroni
Page 9 and 10:
During the two yeas we have been at
Page 11 and 12:
There is currently a major debate r
Page 13 and 14: The Inuence of Japanes Industrial T
Page 15 and 16: profier, an ocea acoustic tomograph
Page 17 and 18: manufacturing would predict between
Page 19 and 20: References Advisory Committee for T
Page 21 and 22: e both winners and losers from the
Page 23 and 24: ecause they are major end users of
Page 25 and 26: A final, but not insignificat, set
Page 27 and 28: Europen Programs in Marne Science a
Page 29 and 30: proposa included a line item speifi
Page 31 and 32: from 12 Europe countres, has been a
Page 33 and 34: ut other industres have been affect
Page 35 and 36: Indee, if barers fall, the effect c
Page 37 and 38: References Andre, M. 1987. Resech a
Page 39 and 40: Peet, G. 1986. Techniques and metho
Page 41 and 42: These statistics becme a reaity dur
Page 43 and 44: should make it easier to coordinate
Page 45 and 46: proposas submitted to SBIR and appr
Page 47 and 48: An Overview of Technology Transfer
Page 49 and 50: follow the fortunes of that industr
Page 51 and 52: choosing resech paths. In general,
Page 53 and 54: Foundation (NSF) in 1985 and 1988,
Page 55 and 56: In the field of ocography, spin-off
Page 57 and 58: Opponunities for technology transfe
Page 59 and 60: "Strategic Allnces" as an approach
Page 61 and 62: summar then, the desired result of
Page 63: international ecnomic competitivene
Page 67 and 68: the radar were "burned in" for a pe
Page 69 and 70: Differences between ~ Defense am ~
Page 71 and 72: chemica industr's 1989 R&D.2S Bang
Page 73 and 74: We are seing a high use of facsimil
Page 75 and 76: pretty nealy global. Except for the
Page 77 and 78: Stadard-C wil disappoint some users
Page 79 and 80: Introduction The Status and Promi o
Page 81 and 82: optional feature of some systems. T
Page 83 and 84: in order to tae full advantage of t
Page 85 and 86: Fishermen and operators of workboat
Page 87 and 88: of the inherent limitations of rada
Page 89 and 90: One example is an America Petroleum
Page 91 and 92: intensification of domestic aquacul
Page 93 and 94: System Output The system output inc
Page 95 and 96: Although the geographica sce of pro
Page 97 and 98: In contrast with the heavily use wa
Page 99 and 100: "works." The tida data (Figure 2, p
Page 101 and 102: ". o ,. - LI u . '- 0 o .c 0: 0: ::
Page 103 and 104: Concluding Remarks Obviously we are
Page 105 and 106: All is not new. Commentators someti
Page 107 and 108: of academic resech is critica, both
Page 109 and 110: stang point, the model allows the p
Page 111 and 112: of exchange among the university an
Page 113 and 114: and progras. Benefits, on the other
Page 115 and 116:
14: 10 Technology Transfer and Inte
Page 117 and 118:
15:30 Where do we stad now? Gary Gl
Page 119 and 120:
Dr. Allyn C. Vine Mr. Malte von Mat
Page 122:
50272.101 PAGE WHOI.90.52 REPORT DO
show all

WHOI-90-52

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?