WHOI-90-52

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In addition to the safety improvements made possible by shore-base trffic monitoring are the improvements on-board the vessels themselves. Ships equippe for automatic position reportng should furter equip themselves with integrated navigation systems to conform accurately to their intended route plan. Full automation of the integrate navigation function is importt on ships with reduce bridge personnel. Both visual and electronic watch keeping wil continue to be extremely importt for saety. The less time that's spent in routine navigation and operational tasks the more time there is available for watch keeping. Integrated navigation systems of varing degrees of sophistication exist today. All of the tehnologies required for fully automatic integration are saling today. Route planning is done by reference to data extrcte from paper chars. This is adequate for the present but wil be greatly improved with the advent of electronic chars. The only deterrent to immediate widespread use of integrate navigation is the necssity to prove that such systems have the required reliabilty and performance. Vessels so equippe and saling are now being caefully followed for the data that wil provide that proof. When considering the value of updating the Port and Tanker Safety Act to establish new, higher levels of saety, it is apparent that there's a nee for a thorough study of the entwined policy and tehnica issues involved. Some of the issues that should be addresse in that study are the following: 1. In U.S. waters, should government (e.g. Coast Guard) exercise some degree of control over route plans for takers and hazdous liquid cago caers? For example, should route plans of takers and hazdous liquid cago caers be fied before deparure from U.S. ports or upon entr int U.S. waters? Would this result in improved safety becuse of the greater cae that would be exercise? A study of past grounding incidents should revea ths. 2. Should the reportng of position be made mandatory? Should this reportng be made automatic? Should such position reports be automaticaly recived at a central data procssing site and use to determine the relationship to the route plan and safe navigation areas? What frequency of reportng would be required? What other data besides position, time, and ship's identification should be included (e.g., equipment failure reports)? 4. Should VTS be extended to more harbors and congeste waterways? Would the present and future VTS systems be improved by employing the latest available tehnology? What cordination would be required between VTS and a comprehensive position reportng system? 5. Beuse other studies aimed at improving saety and reducing damage to the environment are being initiated or are underway, the merits of all promising approaches should be compared on a formal basis to assist in the determination of the most effective and feasible one. 81
One example is an America Petroleum Institute task force report which was made following the EXXON V ALDEZ grounding of Bligh Reef in Prince Wiliam Sound. That study asked for more strngent government regulation. Speificaly, the following were recmmended: Mandatory participation of all tankrs in the Coast Guard 'advisory traffc systems' tha use radr and radio to monitor and advise vessels as the move through port and harbor areas, and possible expansion of these systems into more regions. Federal legislation to establish uniformly high qualifcations for all state pilots who operate in U.S. waters. Zero tolerance of substance abuse, including drug and alcohol testing as part of offcer licensing procedures. Improved training standards for all personnel involved in cargo handling and bridge management. Tug assistance or suitable maneuvering equipment in areas where Coast Guard sees unuSual navigation haards. The first of these recommendations is consistent with the suggeste position reportng system and VTS augmentation describe here. For the reasons given, it is not sufficient or practica to rely on VTS augmentation alone. Much greater coverage and saety ca be achieved through the addition of position reportng and improvement of on-board navigation and bridge management. 82
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ABSTRACT Thirteen short papers addr
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The Status and Promise of Electroni
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During the two yeas we have been at
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There is currently a major debate r
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The Inuence of Japanes Industrial T
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profier, an ocea acoustic tomograph
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manufacturing would predict between
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References Advisory Committee for T
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e both winners and losers from the
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ecause they are major end users of
Page 25 and 26:
A final, but not insignificat, set
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Europen Programs in Marne Science a
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proposa included a line item speifi
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from 12 Europe countres, has been a
Page 33 and 34:
ut other industres have been affect
Page 35 and 36:
Indee, if barers fall, the effect c
Page 37 and 38: References Andre, M. 1987. Resech a
Page 39 and 40: Peet, G. 1986. Techniques and metho
Page 41 and 42: These statistics becme a reaity dur
Page 43 and 44: should make it easier to coordinate
Page 45 and 46: proposas submitted to SBIR and appr
Page 47 and 48: An Overview of Technology Transfer
Page 49 and 50: follow the fortunes of that industr
Page 51 and 52: choosing resech paths. In general,
Page 53 and 54: Foundation (NSF) in 1985 and 1988,
Page 55 and 56: In the field of ocography, spin-off
Page 57 and 58: Opponunities for technology transfe
Page 59 and 60: "Strategic Allnces" as an approach
Page 61 and 62: summar then, the desired result of
Page 63 and 64: international ecnomic competitivene
Page 65 and 66: NAT LABS , .. R&D .... ... í7 I DE
Page 67 and 68: the radar were "burned in" for a pe
Page 69 and 70: Differences between ~ Defense am ~
Page 71 and 72: chemica industr's 1989 R&D.2S Bang
Page 73 and 74: We are seing a high use of facsimil
Page 75 and 76: pretty nealy global. Except for the
Page 77 and 78: Stadard-C wil disappoint some users
Page 79 and 80: Introduction The Status and Promi o
Page 81 and 82: optional feature of some systems. T
Page 83 and 84: in order to tae full advantage of t
Page 85 and 86: Fishermen and operators of workboat
Page 87: of the inherent limitations of rada
Page 91 and 92: intensification of domestic aquacul
Page 93 and 94: System Output The system output inc
Page 95 and 96: Although the geographica sce of pro
Page 97 and 98: In contrast with the heavily use wa
Page 99 and 100: "works." The tida data (Figure 2, p
Page 101 and 102: ". o ,. - LI u . '- 0 o .c 0: 0: ::
Page 103 and 104: Concluding Remarks Obviously we are
Page 105 and 106: All is not new. Commentators someti
Page 107 and 108: of academic resech is critica, both
Page 109 and 110: stang point, the model allows the p
Page 111 and 112: of exchange among the university an
Page 113 and 114: and progras. Benefits, on the other
Page 115 and 116: 14: 10 Technology Transfer and Inte
Page 117 and 118: 15:30 Where do we stad now? Gary Gl
Page 119 and 120: Dr. Allyn C. Vine Mr. Malte von Mat
Page 122: 50272.101 PAGE WHOI.90.52 REPORT DO
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WHOI-90-52

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