WHOI-90-52

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The Probable Future Qf ~ World Qf Electronic Chars Electronic chars are just moving into an era of accptace and exploitation. This advance ca be attrbute to the following factors: 1. Recgnition by national and international hydrographic and regulatory agencies of stadad forms of electronic chars. 2. Continued progress in the field of personal computers and computer components, resulting in greater procssing power in physicaly smaler enclosures at lower cost. Also, the continuing improvements in graphics display devices and assoiate graphics procssing components. 3. Improved availabilty of electronic positioning systems, such as the Global Positioning System and other satellte systems. 4. The increasing availabilty of digita char databases from a varety of sources. 5. An increase awareness that electronic char systems ca make a major contrbution to the safety of ship operations and ca also make a significat contrbution to the prevention of eclogica damage to shoreline areas. Given these factors, we ca expet to se a rapid increase in the instalation and use of electronic char systems. Both classes of systems wil benefit. The legal ECDIS, now much closer to approval by governments as a replacement for the paper char, wil be instaled on many deep- draft oc going vessels. Indee, in some cases, they wil most likely be required. There is a goo probabilty that future legislation or regulation wil mandate the use of ECDIS on large vessels caing hazdous cagoes in or nea shore and harbor areas. The operating cost reducing potential of ECDIS wil appe to ship owners and operators. Avoidace of collsions or groundings, attrbutable to the use of ECDIS, wil result in substatial economies. Similarly, the elimination of the labor involved in continuous char correction and updating wil contrbute to cost reduction in ship operations. Finally, the increase effectiveness of the ECDIS display wil encourage both operators and administrators to approve the reduction in manning on the bridge, resultig in significat labor cost savings. Those ship owners that instal electronic char systems as an aid to navigation, rather than as a substitute for paper chars, wil rapidly grow in numbers. This is already the case for yachtsmen who have instaled tens of thousads of these systems around the world. These numbers wil increase as more and more areas are covered by the new positioning systems, providing easy accss to vessel loction marked as a symbol on the electronic char. The yachtsman's navigation problems are easily solved by these systems and the large number of instalations attest to this fact. 77
Fishermen and operators of workboats, ferrboats, and tugs are all potential users. With product costs rapidly dropping, the increase availabilty of authentic digita chars and the automatic broadcasts of char updates on the horizon, it is a nea certnty that, in time, electronic char systems wil becme a stadard fixture on ships of all sizes and nationalities. 78
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ABSTRACT Thirteen short papers addr
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The Status and Promise of Electroni
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During the two yeas we have been at
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There is currently a major debate r
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The Inuence of Japanes Industrial T
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profier, an ocea acoustic tomograph
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manufacturing would predict between
Page 19 and 20:
References Advisory Committee for T
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e both winners and losers from the
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ecause they are major end users of
Page 25 and 26:
A final, but not insignificat, set
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Europen Programs in Marne Science a
Page 29 and 30:
proposa included a line item speifi
Page 31 and 32:
from 12 Europe countres, has been a
Page 33 and 34: ut other industres have been affect
Page 35 and 36: Indee, if barers fall, the effect c
Page 37 and 38: References Andre, M. 1987. Resech a
Page 39 and 40: Peet, G. 1986. Techniques and metho
Page 41 and 42: These statistics becme a reaity dur
Page 43 and 44: should make it easier to coordinate
Page 45 and 46: proposas submitted to SBIR and appr
Page 47 and 48: An Overview of Technology Transfer
Page 49 and 50: follow the fortunes of that industr
Page 51 and 52: choosing resech paths. In general,
Page 53 and 54: Foundation (NSF) in 1985 and 1988,
Page 55 and 56: In the field of ocography, spin-off
Page 57 and 58: Opponunities for technology transfe
Page 59 and 60: "Strategic Allnces" as an approach
Page 61 and 62: summar then, the desired result of
Page 63 and 64: international ecnomic competitivene
Page 65 and 66: NAT LABS , .. R&D .... ... í7 I DE
Page 67 and 68: the radar were "burned in" for a pe
Page 69 and 70: Differences between ~ Defense am ~
Page 71 and 72: chemica industr's 1989 R&D.2S Bang
Page 73 and 74: We are seing a high use of facsimil
Page 75 and 76: pretty nealy global. Except for the
Page 77 and 78: Stadard-C wil disappoint some users
Page 79 and 80: Introduction The Status and Promi o
Page 81 and 82: optional feature of some systems. T
Page 83: in order to tae full advantage of t
Page 87 and 88: of the inherent limitations of rada
Page 89 and 90: One example is an America Petroleum
Page 91 and 92: intensification of domestic aquacul
Page 93 and 94: System Output The system output inc
Page 95 and 96: Although the geographica sce of pro
Page 97 and 98: In contrast with the heavily use wa
Page 99 and 100: "works." The tida data (Figure 2, p
Page 101 and 102: ". o ,. - LI u . '- 0 o .c 0: 0: ::
Page 103 and 104: Concluding Remarks Obviously we are
Page 105 and 106: All is not new. Commentators someti
Page 107 and 108: of academic resech is critica, both
Page 109 and 110: stang point, the model allows the p
Page 111 and 112: of exchange among the university an
Page 113 and 114: and progras. Benefits, on the other
Page 115 and 116: 14: 10 Technology Transfer and Inte
Page 117 and 118: 15:30 Where do we stad now? Gary Gl
Page 119 and 120: Dr. Allyn C. Vine Mr. Malte von Mat
Page 122: 50272.101 PAGE WHOI.90.52 REPORT DO
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WHOI-90-52

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