WHOI-90-52

Europen Programs in Marne Science al Technology
One of the most saient policy issues face by the MEI industr within the Europe common
market concerns whether industral "tageting" ocurs in this or relate fields and the extent to
which it is permitted. Marne science and tehnology programs are areas in which governments
and international organizations ca sponsor R&D to achieve the public purpses of national
defense or environmenta protection and at the sae time foster the growth of a nascent industr ,
marne electronic instrmentation. In Table 3, we present comparsons of public R&D
expenditures for the MEI countres. Tota R&D as a proporton of GNP and marne science and
10 Most of the MEI
technology (MST) R&D as a proporton of tota R&D are presente.
countres spend only about one percent of their tota R&D expenditures on marne sciences. Yet
the marne sector is importt to these countres, and increaing recognition of the adverse effects
of marne pollution, the depletion of fish stocks, and other problems have heightened this
importce (Peet, 1986).
Table 3: Marine Sciene and Technology: Estimated Expenditures .nd Publtc.tlon
1986
World Bank
GNP
($x10e9)
(all figures In 1986 SUSx106)
1986 1986
OECD Total R&D
Total Comared to
R&D GNP (X)
Denmark 79 860 1
France 722 15215 2
Germany 898 20828 2
Italy 597 7467 1
Neth. 175 3817 2
U.K. 553 15221 3
EEC
1 100*
Norway 69 1133 2
Finland 69 939 1
Canada 352 5893 2
Japan 1962 41734 . 2
U.S.A. 4219 114705 3
EEC
Estimated
HST
Research
43
220
220
52
83
110
150*
331*
1300*
HST
Share of
Total
R&o (X)
5
, 1
1
2
5* 0(1
* Our own estimate based on various i.ltshed sources.
1
3
1
1
1984
OECD
"Publ i cat ions" Publ i cat ions
in Oceanog. per $10 million
and Limnol. Harine R&o
6
22
53
5
3
59
5
3
55
13
418
Sources: UNCTAD (1988); oeco (1989,1988); EC (1986); World Band (1988).
10 As a sidelight, following OECD (1988), we consider publications per R&D expenditure
inpùts as one kind of very approximate "output" indicator of marne science in these countres.
20
1
1
2
1
0(1
5
4
0(1
3