<strong>CUVX</strong> <strong>Design</strong> – VT Team 2 Page 20Figure 5. <strong>CUVX</strong> “Standard” Manning CalculationFigure 6. VOPs for Repair and Damage Control (DC)The repair and damage control values of performances (VOP) are influenced by <strong>the</strong> ship and air manningfactors, CManShip and CManAir, respectively. Figure 7 shows <strong>the</strong> calculations from <strong>the</strong> math model of cost andrisk that are affected by <strong>the</strong> manning factors.Figure 7. Impact of Manning Factors (Automation) on Cost and RiskCurrent steam catapults and cable arresting gear systems require significant manning for operation andmaintenance. EMALS, AAG, and EARS all reduce manning. EMALS will require fewer men to setup and operate<strong>the</strong> launching sequence of aircraft. EMALS, AAG and EARS will require fewer men to maintain <strong>the</strong> systems.Aircraft weapons loading and fueling are also manpower intensive. By regulation, weapons loading andfueling cannot take place at <strong>the</strong> same time. Aircraft loaded with fuel and weapons can sit in <strong>the</strong> hangar, but <strong>the</strong>arming pin on <strong>the</strong> weapons cannot be pulled until <strong>the</strong> aircraft is loaded on <strong>the</strong> launching system and ready fortakeoff. Aircraft can be loaded and fueled in <strong>the</strong> hangars. Automation of fueling could be accomplished using asystem which locates <strong>the</strong> fuel tank, identifies <strong>the</strong> type of vehicle, and <strong>the</strong>n pumps <strong>the</strong> fuel. This concept is not new,but <strong>the</strong> application to a ship is new. For weapons loading, a vehicle called <strong>the</strong> shipboard weapons loader (SWL) isbeing developed that only requires two people to operate it. The SWL has a maximum payload of 3000 pounds andeliminates unsafe manual loading practices. The use of this vehicle would greatly reduce <strong>the</strong> number of personnel
<strong>CUVX</strong> <strong>Design</strong> – VT Team 2 Page 21required for loading weapons. The SWL is predicted to reduce <strong>the</strong> loading times for JDAM and HARM missilesfrom 6-13 minutes to no more than 1 minute. SWL is predicted to reduce <strong>the</strong> number of operators from 6 to 2.The concept of a pit stop provides a single point turnaround of aircraft. At this stop <strong>the</strong> aircraft would berefueled and reloaded. Weapons could be loaded by an automated system similar to factory assembly lines.Although this would require one person to oversee proper loading, it would greatly reduce manning. However, thistechnology does not currently exist for shipboard use. Fueling would still take a considerable amount of time since<strong>the</strong> fueling rates would have to be limited to prevent explosive vapors; but <strong>the</strong>re may be <strong>the</strong> possibility to use avacuum jacket fueling port to trap <strong>the</strong> vapors and this would allow fuelling in less time.A fuel and weapons module concept was also considered to simplify fueling and weapons load out, and reducemanning. This module would be similar to <strong>the</strong> magazine of a firearm. The module would be preloaded to containfuel for <strong>the</strong> aircraft and weapons for a specific mission. The module would be lifted to <strong>the</strong> aircraft at a pit stop in anassembly line fashion, and loaded into <strong>the</strong> body of <strong>the</strong> aircraft. It was concluded that a module would not workwell with <strong>the</strong> UCAV-N, as it greatly restricts o<strong>the</strong>r design requirements of <strong>the</strong> aircraft. There were also concernswith module survivability and transport.3.2.5 Aviation (Mission) System ParametersImportant <strong>CUVX</strong> aviation system characteristics include: concept of <strong>CUVX</strong> aviation operations; sortie rates;number, type, size and weight of aircraft to be supported; number, size and location of aircraft elevators; numberand type of catapults; number and location of recovery wires and equipment; hangar deck and flight deckarrangements and minimum dimensions; systems, weights and area requirements for UCAV refueling, weaponsload-out, aircraft support and maintenance, including number, size and location of weapons elevators, shops andsupport equipment; ship aircraft fuel storage capacity; and aircraft weapons magazine capacity.Characteristics for <strong>the</strong> aviation systems in <strong>CUVX</strong> are based on existing and prior CV and CVN characteristicswith adjustments made for supporting <strong>the</strong> UCAV-N vice manned combat and attack aircraft. They are discussed in<strong>the</strong> following sections.3.2.5.1 <strong>Virginia</strong> <strong>Tech</strong> UCAV-NA separate <strong>Virginia</strong> <strong>Tech</strong> design team designed UCAV-N for <strong>CUVX</strong> in parallel with <strong>the</strong> <strong>CUVX</strong> teams. TheUCAV-N and <strong>CUVX</strong> teams worked in collaboration to effectively integrate <strong>the</strong> ship and <strong>the</strong> aircraft as an overallsystem. The UCAV-N is a revolutionary aircraft. It will be <strong>the</strong> first aircraft capable of landing on an aircraft carrierautonomously.Table 16. UCAV-N RequirementsRFP Requirement SpecificationMission 1, Strike Range 500 nmMission 2, Endurance 10 Hrs.Payload4,300 lbsCruise Speed > Mach 0.7Ceiling> 45,000 ftSensor SuiteGlobal HawkTable 17. UCAV-N General Characteristics with F/A-18 C/D ComparisonCharacteristic UCAV-N F/A-18C/DLength 31 ft 56 ftSpan (Wings Unfolded) 45 ft 40 ft 5 inSpan (Wings Folded) 30 ft 27 ft 6 inHeight (Wings Unfolded) 10 ft 15 ft 4 inHeight (Wings Folded) 15 ft 15 ft 4 inWeight (Max Gross Take Off) 25,000 lbs 51,900 lbsLaunch Acceleration 5 g’s 4 g’sTakeoff Speed (Minimum) 160 knApproach Speed 150 kn 135 knWheel Track 12 ft 10 ft 3 inThe UCAV-N is required for three missions: SEAD, strike and reconnaissance. When performing a SEAD orstrike mission <strong>the</strong> UCAV-N may be armed with two JDAMs, two HARMs, or one of each. To carry <strong>the</strong>se weapons