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CUVX Design – VT Team 2 Page 61 Introduction, Design Process and Plan1.1 IntroductionThis report describes concept exploration and development of an unmanned combat air vehicle carrier(CUVX) for the United States Navy. The CUVX requirement is based on a CUVX Mission Need Statement, Appendix A,and Acquisition Decision Memorandum (ADM), Appendix B. This concept design was completed in a two-semester shipdesign course at Virginia Tech. CUVX is required to support unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs), unmannedair vehicles (UAVs) and LAMPS helicopters to perform the following missions:1. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)2. Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD)3. Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) self-defense4. Anti Surface Ship Warfare (ASuW) self-defense5. Electronic Countermeasures (ECM)6. Mine Warfare (MIW)7. Time-sensitive UCAV strikeCurrent assets supporting ISR, SEAD and time-sensitive strike capabilities include:(1) Land and carrier-based manned aircraft and UAVs(2) Cruise missiles launched from submarines and surface ships(3) Space-based and long-range aircraftThese assets are costly and/or put significant numbers of personnel in harms way. Their cost does not allow forsufficient worldwide coverage of all potential regions of conflict necessary to support continuous ISR and seabasedpositioning for immediate time-sensitive strike. Manned aircraft are particularly vulnerable to First Day ofWar scenarios until enemy defenses are sufficiently suppressed and the risk of loss of life is reduced.The Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV-N) is a transformational technology in development with thepotential to effectively address some of these problems. “Transformation is about seizing opportunities to createnew capabilities by radically changing organizational relationships, implementing different concepts of warfightingand inserting new technology to carry out operations in ways that profoundly improve current capabilities anddevelop desired future capabilities.” The current concept of operations for UCAV-N is to provide support anddelivery using existing CVNs. This fails to address the problems of numbers, cost and risk identified above.CUVX is an alternative support platform for UCAV-N that offers the possibility to significantly reduce costand personnel vulnerability. CUVX is likely to be forward deployed in peacetime, conducting extended cruises tosensitive littoral regions. It will provide its own defense with significant dependence on passive survivability andstealth. As a conflict proceeds to conclusion, CUVX will continue to monitor all threats. It will likely be the firstto arrive and last to leave the area of conflict.The concepts introduced in the CUVX design include moderate to high-risk alternatives. Concepts areexplored in parallel with UCAV-N concept exploration and development also performed by Virginia Tech studentsusing a Total Ship Systems Engineering approach.1.2 Design Philosophy, Process, and PlanThe traditional approach to ship design is largely an ‘ad hoc’ process. Experience, design lanes, rules ofthumb, preference, and imagination guide selection of design concepts for assessment. Often, objective attributesare not adequately synthesized or presented to support efficient and effective decisions. This project uses a totalsystem approach for the design process, including a structured search of the design space based on the multiobjectiveconsideration of effectiveness, cost and risk.The scope of this project includes the first two phases in the ship design process, Concept Exploration andConcept Development, as illustrated in Figure 1. The concept exploration process is shown in Figure 2. The resultsof this process are a preliminary Operational Requirements Document (ORD1) that specifies performance and costrequirements, and a baseline concept design. The CUVX ORD1 is provided in Appendix C.In Concept Exploration, a multiple-objective design optimization is used to search the design space andperform trade-offs. CUVX Concept Exploration considers various combinations of hull form, propulsion systems,combat systems and automation within the design space using mission effectiveness, risk and acquisition cost asobjective attributes. A ship synthesis model is used to balance these parameters in total ship designs, to assess
CUVX Design – VT Team 2 Page 7feasibility and to calculate cost, risk and effectiveness. The final design combinations are ranked by cost, risk andeffectiveness, and presented as a series of non-dominated frontiers, Figure 29 and Figure 30. A non-dominatedfrontier (NDF) represents ship designs in the design space that have the highest effectiveness for a given cost andrisk. Concepts for further study and development are chosen from this frontier. This process is described inChapter 3.Figure 3 shows the more traditional design spiral process followed in concept development for this project. Acomplete circuit around the design spiral at this stage is frequently called a Feasibility Study. It investigates eachstep in the traditional design spiral at a level of detail necessary to demonstrate that assumptions and resultsobtained in concept exploration are not only balanced, but feasible. In the process, a second layer of detail is addedto the design and risk is reduced. CUVX Concept Development is described in Chapter 4.1.3 Work BreakdownThe CUVX team consists of six students from Virginia Tech. Each student was assigned an area of workaccording to his or her interests and special skills as listed in Table 1. This specialization allows members toconcentrate efforts on thoroughly understanding a subject. A team leader was also selected to effectivelycoordinate the efforts of the team. Although each team member had his/her own area of expertise there wasgenerally a great deal of overlap. This is a team effort!ConceptExplorationConceptDevelopmentPreliminaryDesignContractDesignDetailDesignExploratoryDesignMission orMarketAnalysisTechnologyDevelopmentConcept andRequirementsExplorationConceptBaselineConceptDevelopmentand FeasibilityStudiesFinalConceptFigure 1. Design ProcessRisk ModelEffectivenessModelCost ModelProductionStrategyAlternative orNewTechnologyORD1Ship MS1MNSMission NeedADM / AOAGeneralRequirementDefine DesignSpaceModelingDOE - VariableScreening &ExplorationOptimize -GenerateNDFsShip AquisitionDecisionTechnologyAcquisition &DevelopmentTechnologyPhysics-BasedModelRSMFeasibility &SensitivityAnalysisAlternativeRequirementDefinitionShip SystemDesign &DevelopmentVariableProbabilityDataExpert OpinionFigure 2. Concept Exploration Process
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