amendments would allow all non-medical/non-scientific domestic markets in <strong>drug</strong>s <strong>to</strong>be legalised. The aim of <strong>the</strong> new articles would be <strong>to</strong> relieve Parties from obligations <strong>to</strong>apply <strong>the</strong> control measures in <strong>the</strong> Conventions (in Articles 23, 26, 28,29 and 30 of <strong>the</strong>1961 Convention, and Articles 7 and 8 of <strong>the</strong> 1971 Convention) <strong>to</strong> non-commercialactions involving only small quantities of <strong>drug</strong>s.Under Option 2, <strong>the</strong> new Article 3 bis of <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention and <strong>the</strong> new Article 2 bis of<strong>the</strong> 1971 Convention would not need <strong>to</strong> refer <strong>to</strong> all <strong>the</strong> actions listed in <strong>the</strong> new Articles 3bis and 2 bis <strong>un</strong>der Option 1. This is because it is proposed instead that Article 3(1) of <strong>the</strong>1988 Convention should be amended <strong>to</strong> refer <strong>to</strong> any action contrary <strong>to</strong> a law orregulation adopted in pursuance of obligations <strong>un</strong>der <strong>the</strong> 1961 and 1971 Conventions. 98It is also proposed that Article 36(1) of <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention 99 should be similarlyamended <strong>to</strong> refer generally <strong>to</strong> any action contrary <strong>to</strong> a law or regulation adopted inpursuance of its obligations <strong>un</strong>der <strong>the</strong> Convention. (These provisions and <strong>the</strong> proposedamendments are discussed in more detail in sections 4.17 and 6.1 below.)The proposed amendments would remove a number of actions that are currentlyspecified in Article 3(1) of <strong>the</strong> 1988 Convention and Article 36(1) of <strong>the</strong> 1961 Conventionthat are not referred <strong>to</strong> in any o<strong>the</strong>r provisions of <strong>the</strong> 1961, 1971 or 1988 Conventions.These include: ‘extraction’, ‘preparation’, ‘offering’, ‘delivery on any terms whatsoever’,‘dispatch’ and ‘transport’. These actions would be considered <strong>to</strong> be involved incultivation, production, manufacture, distribution, supply or acquisition of <strong>drug</strong>s, all ofwhich would be listed in <strong>the</strong> new Articles 3 bis and 2 bis. In addition, <strong>the</strong> new Articles 3bis and 2 bis would refer generally <strong>to</strong> ‘any similar or related action with respect <strong>to</strong><strong>drug</strong>s’, including all <strong>the</strong> actions set out above. Therefore, for <strong>the</strong> purposes of Option 2,<strong>the</strong>re would be no need <strong>to</strong> specifically list <strong>the</strong>se actions in <strong>the</strong> new Articles 3 bis or 2 bis.In <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention <strong>the</strong> following new provision should be added as Article 3 bis:Article 3 bisO<strong>the</strong>r than article 30(2)(b), this Convention does not apply <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cultivation,production, manufacture, distribution, supply, purchase, acquisition, import, export,possession or use of <strong>drug</strong>s, or any similar or related action with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>drug</strong>s wheresuch action involves only a small quantity of <strong>drug</strong>s and is for a non-commercialpurpose.98Article 3(1) of <strong>the</strong> 1988 Convention requires Parties <strong>to</strong> make actions specified in that provisionp<strong>un</strong>ishable offences where <strong>the</strong>y are contrary <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> provisions of <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention and <strong>the</strong> 1971Convention (i.e. <strong>to</strong> laws or regulations that must be adopted <strong>to</strong> fulfill obligations <strong>un</strong>der <strong>the</strong>Convention).99This section requires Parties <strong>to</strong> make actions specified in that provision p<strong>un</strong>ishable offences where<strong>the</strong>y are contrary <strong>to</strong> laws or regulations that must be adopted <strong>un</strong>der <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention.77
In <strong>the</strong> 1971 Convention <strong>the</strong> following new provision should be added as Article 2 bis;Article 2 bisO<strong>the</strong>r than article 7(a) and article 9, this Convention does not apply <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cultivation,production, manufacture, distribution, supply, purchase, acquisition, import, export,possession or use of psychotropic substances, or any similar or related action withrespect <strong>to</strong> psychotropic substances where such action involves only a small quantity ofpsychotropic substances and is for a non-commercial purpose.The same definition of ‘Non-commercial purpose’ should be added as Article 1(1)(o) bisof <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention, and as Article 1(c) bis of <strong>the</strong> 1971 Convention, as <strong>un</strong>der Option1.Also as <strong>un</strong>der Option 1, Article 30(2)(b) of <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention, and Articles 7(a) and 9of <strong>the</strong> 1971 Convention, would not be subject <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> general exemptions in <strong>the</strong> newArticles 3 bis and 2 bis (respectively). This would be <strong>to</strong> ensure that medical prescriptionrequirements, and <strong>the</strong> control measures applicable <strong>to</strong> medical and scientific use ofSchedule I psychotropic substances, would continue <strong>to</strong> apply <strong>to</strong> small quantities of<strong>drug</strong>s or substances for non-commercial medical use.4. Changes <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1961 Convention – Options 1 and 2The proposed changes <strong>un</strong>der both Options 1 and 2 <strong>to</strong> add Article 1 (1)(o) bis, and Article3 bis, are discussed above.4.1 Preamble <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1961 ConventionThe Parties…Preamble [Existing text]Desiring <strong>to</strong> conclude a generally acceptable international convention replacing existingtreaties on narcotic <strong>drug</strong>s, limiting such <strong>drug</strong>s <strong>to</strong> medical and scientific use, andproviding for continuous international co-operation and control for <strong>the</strong> achievement ofsuch aims and objectives,Hereby agree as follows:78
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ROADMAPS TO REFORMINGTHE UN DRUG CO
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ContentsPreface ...................
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PrefaceTHE IDEA FOR this Report cam
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PART I. POSSIBLE ROADMAPS
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hope for serious progress, but we c
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We do not underestimate the difficu
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also imposes requirements concernin
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domestic market, just as producers
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Protocol strengthened some provisio
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ut considerably less potency than s
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has announced its intention to reac
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objected to. Concerning the 1971 tr
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Table 2. Summary of reservations to
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Reservations about traditional use
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As Swaine notes, ‘the Vienna Conv
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unhappy about a country implementin
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would automatically mean that posse
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preparatory acts, conspiracy and at
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offering for sale, distribution, 17
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Article 36. Penal Provisions1. a) S
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Article 36. Penal Provisions1. a) S
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Conference would have intended to a
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drugs (in more than small quantitie
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substances into its country or one
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apply to Schedule 1 substances. In
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substances (of more than a small qu
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1. The Parties shall require that t
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individuals may lawfully obtain, us
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4. The Parties shall furnish to the
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2. In subparagraph (b):a) after ‘
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obligations on Parties in respect o
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penalise preparatory acts in connec
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accordance with subparagraph (a) of
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Article 3(1)(c)(iii) warrants speci
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6.1.2. Option 1 - changes to the 19
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uncertainty. Accordingly, Article 3
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Consequently, Parties would also no
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…4. d) The Parties may provide, e