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loaded at a port in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence Seaway System and unloaded at anyother port in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence Seaway System [82]. The bill was referredto the House Ways and Means Committee, but has yet to be reported out of thatcommittee.Proposed Solutions to the HMT ProblemAfter at least nine failed reform attempts in a ten-year period, it’s time for a major changeto the HMT. We suggest three possible proposals for change: The first two reformproposals would provide a permanent solution to the HMT problem and retain the abilityto fund Army Corps of Engineers’ important dredging and harbor work. The thirdproposal, while not solving the HMT problem, at least provides a tax incentive forcompanies engaged in short sea shipping.Proposal 1: Abolish the HMT and Fund Harbor Maintenance Using GeneralGovernment Revenue. This proposal calls for a renewal of the Support for HarborInvestment Program Act of 1999. It provides a clear set of appropriations for the ArmyCorps of Engineers by requiring funding only in years after the funds in the HMTF arefully expended.Proposal 2: Abolish the HMT and Fund Harbor Maintenance Using an Increase inthe Diesel Fuel Excise Tax. This proposal requires abolishing the HMT and replacing itsrevenue stream with funds generated from an increase in the federal excise tax on dieselfuel sold for over-the-road use. This excise tax is currently $0.245 cents per gallon. Inorder to fund the Army Corps of Engineers’ dredging and maintenance activities, therequired increase in the excise tax would be $0.0112 cents per gallon [83]. While this taxincrease is borne by the over-the-road transportation industry as opposed to the marinetransport industry, it’s fair to propose this burden in order to increase over-all fuelefficiency, which favors water transport. As suggested, a tax structure of this type woulddivert traffic to water transportation and thereby reduce our nation’s dependence onforeign oil. This modal shift would potentially reduce congestion on America’s highwaysas well. (See for instance Fruin’s calculations and conclusions of cost increase incurredby a proposed shift from waterway to land transportation in the Mississippi Metro area,or the recent modal shift from water to truck for New York trash disposal New York istrying reverse) [84]. This approach has been used successfully in Europe, with thesupport of the trucking industry.Table 3.2: U.S. Fuel Consumption and Demand(millions of barrels per day)Demand 2005 2006 2007Motor Gasoline 9.13 9.19 9.28Jet Fuel 1.63 1.66 1.70Distillate Fuel Oil 4.11 4.20 4.31Residual Fuel Oil 0.91 0.76 0.81Other Oils 4.88 4.93 5.08Total Demand 20.66 20.74 21.18Source: Energy Information Administration\Short-Term Energy Outlook - July 2006, Table 5a38
Table 3.3: Percent Change in U.S. Fuel Consumption*Millions of barrels per dayDemand2005-2006change2006-2007change2005-2007changeMotor Gasoline 0.66% 0.98% 1.64%Jet Fuel 1.84% 2.41% 4.29%Distillate Fuel Oil 2.19% 2.62% 4.87%Residual Fuel Oil -16.48% 6.58% -10.99%Other Oils 1.02% 3.04% 4.10%Total Demand 0.39% 2.12% 2.52%*Diesel fuel is projected to have the greatest change from 2005-2007.Source: Energy Information Administration\Short-Term Energy Outlook - July 2006,Table 5a; Bureau of Business and Economic ResearchTable 3.4: 2005 U.S. Diesel Excise Tax and Daily, Yearly DemandFederal tax: 24.4 cents per gallonState tax: 21.6 cents per gallonDaily Demand= 4.11 Million Barrels (Barrel = 42 U.S. Gallons)= 172.62 Million GallonsYearly Demand= 63,006.3 million gallons2005 Excise Tax collection total = $630,063,000Sources: Diesel Demand from: Energy Information Administration\Short-Term EnergyOutlook - July 2006, Table 5a; Excise Tax Totals from: Energy InformationAdministration, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, February 2006, Explanatory Notes, TableEN139
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Mission StatementThe Great Lakes Ma
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Technical Report Documentation1. Re
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TABLE OF CONTENTSOverview and Backg
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Overview and Background:During Marc
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Advisory Board:One of the first tas
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University of MichiganDr. Armin Tro
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Specific Project Awards to Universi
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- October 8, 2005 GLMRI Affiliate U
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- October 7, 2006 The 2 nd GLMRI Af
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SeawaySized Bulk Carrier Model fo
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Table of Contentspage1. Introductio
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List of FigurespageFigure 2.1: Typi
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2. BackgroundThe initial Sea Grant
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Figure 2.2: Typical Forward Plenum
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Table 3.1: BallastFree Bulk Carri
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4. Model Construction ConstraintsTh
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6. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CF
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Figure 6.3: Velocity Vectors at the
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8. Model ConstructionThe model of t
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9. Potential Economic Impacts of th
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Expanding Regional Freight Informat
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___________________________________
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Workshop participants also effectiv
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information to share with governmen
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Most of this information has been c
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A New Perspective on Information De
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• Assemble data and report inform
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Looking Ahead: Next StepsThe main o
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Again, according to MISNA, the mari
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References Cited[1] Maritime Inform
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Schematic Diagram of the Structure
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Example 1: Basic Mapping FunctionsF
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Figure B.7User now queries the port
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Example 3: Mapping the NetworkFigur
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APPENDIX CCode Specifications for G
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Michigan: 01 Alpena 19 Marine C
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Page 86: Tax Systems and Barriersto Great La
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Page 91 and 92: The HMT Generates Substantially Mor
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Page 95 and 96: paid by the now terminated Incan Su
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 Research
Page 99 and 100: presentation, “A Transportation I
Page 101 and 102: − United States General Accountin
Page 103 and 104: − Short Sea Vessel Service and Ha
Page 105 and 106: Detailed views of these data presen
Page 107 and 108: Guarantee Fee for MARAD'sTitle XI P
Page 109 and 110: Table 2.4: Great Lakes Assessments
Page 115 and 116: Table 2.10: Duty Assessments on Gre
Page 117 and 118: Certification Fee for Payment of Ve
Page 119 and 120: 6) HMT TablesAs noted above and in
Page 121 and 122: Table 2.14: Total Bid Dollars by Co
Page 123 and 124: 2003 Arcadia Harbor, Mi $33,2462003
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 3: The U.S. Harbor Maintena
Page 127 and 128: providing for - (1) revenue from im
Page 129 and 130: Community’s RC. No panel has been
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Page 133: The Support for Harbor Investment P
Page 137 and 138: Harbor Maintenance Tax Time Line198
Page 139 and 140: Table 4.3: Output ImpactIndustry Di
Page 141 and 142: ReferencesChapter 1[1] Stewart, Ric
Page 143 and 144: [31] United States V. United States
Page 145 and 146: [66] American Association of Port A
Page 147 and 148: Appendix A: Tax Inventory DataSourc
Page 149 and 150: Overview of Maritime Tax Inventory
Page 155 and 156: 31 U.S.C. 9701; P.L. 100-710, 46 C.
Page 157 and 158: Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as amen
Page 159 and 160: Reform Act of 1998, P. L. 105-258,
Page 161 and 162: Appendix C: Detailed HMT TimelineHA
Page 163 and 164: complete and refunds are issued.Imp
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Page 167 and 168: Articles... assembled abroad in who
Page 169 and 170: that each and every regulation is s
Page 171 and 172: Another challenge to the HMF as app
Page 173 and 174: Appendix D: Estimating Harbor Maint
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Page 177 and 178: Alternatives to Petroleum Based Fue
Page 179 and 180: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
Page 181 and 182: Table 4.10:Great Lakes Biodiesel Pl
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Chapter 1: Overview1.1 Introduction
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Chapter 2: Biodiesel: An Alternativ
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2.2.2 Properties of BiodieselThe pr
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e renewable fuels (e.g. ethanol and
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2.4 Engine Test DataSummaries of th
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OEM manufacturer should be consulte
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A review of the literature addressi
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credit and a biodiesel mixture cred
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Figure 2: U.S. Diesel DemandMoving
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Demand Forecast. Table 3.4 below sh
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fuels (ethanol and biodiesel) be us
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Minnesota incentivesTable 3.11: Min
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Figure 3: Glycerin as Market RiskSo
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Figure 4: Great Lakes Region IMPLAN
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Definitions used in this report:Mea
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column shows that in Year 1 of cons
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Operations. Tables below show the e
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When operations for the biodiesel p
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verify that separation of the blend
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was considered the hot topic, very
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ReferencesChapter 1No referencesCha
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http://www.irs.gov/publications/p37
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Appendix A: Demand and Supply Suppo
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Table A2: Minnesota Soybean Produ
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Table A6: Marine Diesel Sales, Co
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Table of ContentsSections Page #1.
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2. Introduction: Background and Obj
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3. MethodsThe LLO has a surveygra
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Figure 2. Sidescan sonar mosaic of
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Figure 4. Single track (detailed) s
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Figure 7. Single track (detailed) s
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Figure 10. Detailed multibeam bathy
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5. Potential Economic Impacts of th
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Final Report: Great Lakes Maritime
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Evaluation Measures and ResultsTo e
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Appendix ASummary of Publicity & Re
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Appendix BGreat Lakes Maritime Tran
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Appendix DGreat Lakes Maritime Tran
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REFERENCESDuluth Port Authority. 20
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Steel Starts Here (12:00 minutes) b
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Appendix FGreat Lakes Shipping: Did
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15. What are the top 3 products shi
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Properly Loaded Ship Listing ShipHO
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FoghornGreenhouse gasGroundedHarbor
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