15 MB - Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute

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Studying incentives for fuel emissions regulation compliance can include:1) Biodiesel incentives: demand and supply analysis (as in this report); feasibility orcost comparisons for implementing emerging marine designs; differences in total costsstructure; incentive for adopting new technology, early adopters and newerinfrastructure/vessels gain the most, aged vessels encouraged attrition.2) Application of “textbook” models already in the literature such as: S0 2 program;successfully regulates the sulfur emissions in the power generation market; noteproducers choose to cut compliance cost by changing inputs – switching to low sulfurcoal – rather than install costly technology i.e. “scrubbers”.Types of economic regulation currently part of this kind of benefit cost analysis:Permits (including how permits are business assets, and can be flexible); Standards;Credits; TBE standards (technology based emission).In short, the economics of studying how carbon credits might work in the businesseconomy of Great Lakes carriers requires an approach broader than the narrow focus onone strategy – for instance, carbon credit trading. Economics of the market makeresearchers cautious about dictating a change to a new technology (for instancemandating the use of biodiesel fuel in marine vessels) as this kind of strategy has beenshown to be more expensive and less productive for capping emissions. It is best to letthe consumer figure out what will get the greatest compliance for the least money. Thebiodiesel alternative is presented as one choice.FischerTropes? “Diesel is going to be very different in the future. It will be highlyrefined or will be a gastoliquid procedure like Fisher Tropes that will take the sulfur outall together,” according to Dr. Roberta Nichols, retired from Ford Motor Company andAlternative Fuel Consultant, Speaking on "Gasoline Today: Which Fuels Will You SellTomorrow?" At The ColoradoWyoming Petroleum Marketers Association Conventionand Trade Show Jackson Hole, Wyoming August 2124, 1999“FischerTropes technology produces synthetic diesel fuel that is almost miraculous. Theproblem with Fischer Tropes diesel is it has a low lubricity factor, causing wear and tearon the equipment. That is solved by blending it with biodiesel. A 5 to 7 percent of blendbiodiesel solves the cetene problem,” [as identified at the 23rd Annual Wyoming ForumWyoming Business Alliance/Wyoming Heritage Foundation “Infrastructure in Wyoming:Bucking the Tide or Directing the Future?”November 1718, 2005 – Casper’s ParkwayPlaza]:“Now, one thing that was skipped here is that there is a possibility to use coal byconverting it to syngas, a mixture of C0 and H2, that is then fed to a FischerTropes Catalyst. This allows the generation of, in the crudest form, of a syntheticcrude oil. Fischer used this technology in World War II to help keep the Nazi warmachine running. (Sadly he was a true believer and destroyed much of hisresearch so the Allies wouldn't get it.) Back when I [was] in graduate school, it38
was considered the hot topic, very much like nanotechnology is today. Theemphasis was to get away from making synthetic crude and design catalysts tomake specific ranges of molecules. The neat thing is Fischer used coal and wehave lots of that in untapped reserves that, at current efficiencies, would lastcenturies. Especially if the car fuels and heating energy came from other sources.”http://www.technogypsy.net/May2005.htmPossible work plan for analysis of emission control for Great Lakes vessels mightinclude:- Identification/quantification of total emissions of selected pollutants (CO 2 ,CO,PM, NO X , HC, etc.)- Application of BenefitCost Analysis to establish total emission targets for eachpollutant- Costeffectiveness Analysis of various types of economic regulations to attainemission targets- Establishment of TDP markets- Impact on emissions and the shipping industryDetails of this work plan might include:1) Estimation of total current emissions- Emissions per source (vessel)- Number of sources- Future projections2) Establishing total emission targets- Benefits (improved environmental quality)- Costs (abatement, compliance, enforcement)3) Types of economic regulation of emissions:- TBES (TechnologyBased Emission Standards)- CAC standards (CommandAndControl standards)- Emission Charges/Taxes- TDP (Tradable/Transferable Discharge Permits/credits)4) Establishment of tradable discharge permit markets- Total emission target- Distribution of permit/credits (historical, auction, etc.)- Trading mechanisms- Examples of “CapAndTrade” Programs (CAP):o SO 2 emissions (1990 Clean Air Act Amendments)o NO X emissions (Ozone Transport Committee)o VOM (Volatile Organic Material) emissions (Chicago)5) Impacts of emission control39
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Mission StatementThe Great Lakes Ma
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Technical Report Documentation1. Re
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TABLE OF CONTENTSOverview and Backg
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Overview and Background:During Marc
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Advisory Board:One of the first tas
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University of MichiganDr. Armin Tro
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Specific Project Awards to Universi
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- October 8, 2005 GLMRI Affiliate U
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- October 7, 2006 The 2 nd GLMRI Af
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SeawaySized Bulk Carrier Model fo
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Table of Contentspage1. Introductio
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List of FigurespageFigure 2.1: Typi
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2. BackgroundThe initial Sea Grant
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Figure 2.2: Typical Forward Plenum
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Table 3.1: BallastFree Bulk Carri
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4. Model Construction ConstraintsTh
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6. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CF
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Figure 6.3: Velocity Vectors at the
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8. Model ConstructionThe model of t
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9. Potential Economic Impacts of th
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Expanding Regional Freight Informat
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Workshop participants also effectiv
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information to share with governmen
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Most of this information has been c
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A New Perspective on Information De
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• Assemble data and report inform
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Looking Ahead: Next StepsThe main o
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Again, according to MISNA, the mari
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References Cited[1] Maritime Inform
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Schematic Diagram of the Structure
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Example 1: Basic Mapping FunctionsF
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Figure B.7User now queries the port
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Example 3: Mapping the NetworkFigur
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APPENDIX CCode Specifications for G
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Michigan: 01 Alpena 19 Marine C
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APPENDIX DMeeting Participants in t
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Tax Systems and Barriersto Great La
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The HMT Generates Substantially Mor
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vii
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paid by the now terminated Incan Su
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Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 Research
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presentation, “A Transportation I
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− United States General Accountin
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− Short Sea Vessel Service and Ha
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Detailed views of these data presen
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Guarantee Fee for MARAD'sTitle XI P
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Table 2.4: Great Lakes Assessments
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Table 2.10: Duty Assessments on Gre
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Certification Fee for Payment of Ve
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6) HMT TablesAs noted above and in
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Table 2.14: Total Bid Dollars by Co
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2003 Arcadia Harbor, Mi $33,2462003
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Chapter 3: The U.S. Harbor Maintena
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providing for - (1) revenue from im
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Community’s RC. No panel has been
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evenue to fund current and future h
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The Support for Harbor Investment P
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Table 3.3: Percent Change in U.S. F
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Harbor Maintenance Tax Time Line198
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Table 4.3: Output ImpactIndustry Di
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ReferencesChapter 1[1] Stewart, Ric
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[31] United States V. United States
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[66] American Association of Port A
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Appendix A: Tax Inventory DataSourc
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Overview of Maritime Tax Inventory
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31 U.S.C. 9701; P.L. 100-710, 46 C.
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Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as amen
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Reform Act of 1998, P. L. 105-258,
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Appendix C: Detailed HMT TimelineHA
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complete and refunds are issued.Imp
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There was unexpected good news for
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Articles... assembled abroad in who
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that each and every regulation is s
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Page 173 and 174: Appendix D: Estimating Harbor Maint
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Page 177 and 178: Alternatives to Petroleum Based Fue
Page 179 and 180: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
Page 181 and 182: Table 4.10:Great Lakes Biodiesel Pl
Page 183 and 184: of a longterm lowtemperature st
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 1: Overview1.1 Introduction
Page 187 and 188: Chapter 2: Biodiesel: An Alternativ
Page 189 and 190: 2.2.2 Properties of BiodieselThe pr
Page 191 and 192: e renewable fuels (e.g. ethanol and
Page 193 and 194: 2.4 Engine Test DataSummaries of th
Page 195 and 196: OEM manufacturer should be consulte
Page 197 and 198: A review of the literature addressi
Page 199 and 200: credit and a biodiesel mixture cred
Page 201 and 202: Figure 2: U.S. Diesel DemandMoving
Page 203 and 204: Demand Forecast. Table 3.4 below sh
Page 205 and 206: fuels (ethanol and biodiesel) be us
Page 207 and 208: Minnesota incentivesTable 3.11: Min
Page 209 and 210: Figure 3: Glycerin as Market RiskSo
Page 211 and 212: Figure 4: Great Lakes Region IMPLAN
Page 213 and 214: Definitions used in this report:Mea
Page 215 and 216: column shows that in Year 1 of cons
Page 217 and 218: Operations. Tables below show the e
Page 219 and 220: When operations for the biodiesel p
Page 221: verify that separation of the blend
Page 225 and 226: ReferencesChapter 1No referencesCha
Page 227 and 228: http://www.irs.gov/publications/p37
Page 229 and 230: Appendix A: Demand and Supply Suppo
Page 231 and 232: Table A2: Minnesota Soybean Produ
Page 233 and 234: Table A6: Marine Diesel Sales, Co
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Page 239 and 240: 2. Introduction: Background and Obj
Page 241 and 242: 3. MethodsThe LLO has a surveygra
Page 243 and 244: Figure 2. Sidescan sonar mosaic of
Page 245 and 246: Figure 4. Single track (detailed) s
Page 247 and 248: Figure 7. Single track (detailed) s
Page 249 and 250: Figure 10. Detailed multibeam bathy
Page 251 and 252: 5. Potential Economic Impacts of th
Page 253 and 254: Final Report: Great Lakes Maritime
Page 255 and 256: Evaluation Measures and ResultsTo e
Page 257 and 258: Appendix ASummary of Publicity & Re
Page 259 and 260: Appendix BGreat Lakes Maritime Tran
Page 261 and 262: Appendix DGreat Lakes Maritime Tran
Page 263 and 264: REFERENCESDuluth Port Authority. 20
Page 265 and 266: Steel Starts Here (12:00 minutes) b
Page 267 and 268: Appendix FGreat Lakes Shipping: Did
Page 269 and 270: 15. What are the top 3 products shi
Page 271 and 272: Properly Loaded Ship Listing ShipHO
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FoghornGreenhouse gasGroundedHarbor
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15 MB - Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute

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