15 MB - Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute

Table of ContentsExecutive Summary ..................................................................................................... vChapter 1: Overview1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................11.2 Research Questions..........................................................................................1.3 Report Organization.......................................................................................1Chapter 2: Biodiesel: An Alternative Fuel for Great Lakes Marine Vessels2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................32.2 Background..............................................................................................32.2.1 Definition of Biodiesel and Blends ...............................................32.2.2 Properties of Biodiesel..................................................................52.2.3 Production of B100.......................................................................52.2.4 Legal Mandates and Incentives .....................................................62.3 Process Improvement ...............................................................................72.3.1 Biodiesel Production Economics ..................................................72.3.2 Enzymatic Catalyst .......................................................................72.3.3 Potential Problems and Solutions..................................................82.3.4 A Novel Biodiesel Production Method..........................................82.4 Engine Test Data......................................................................................92.4.1 Power/Torque/Fuel Economy .......................................................92.4.2 Emissions .....................................................................................92.4.3 Issues with Usage ....................................................................... 102.4.4 Maritime Usage .......................................................................... 112.4.5 Cold Weather Storage Test ......................................................... 122.5 Conclusions and Recommendations........................................................ 12Chapter 3: Biodiesel: An Alternative Fuel for Great Lakes Marine Vessels;Economic Analysis; Supply and Demand..................................................... 143.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 143.2 Demand and Supply for Great Lakes Maritime Biodiesel Fuel................ 153.2.1 Demand ...................................................................................... 153.2.2 Supply ........................................................................................ 193.2.3 Incentives, Legislative Mandates ................................................ 203.2.4 Risk ............................................................................................ 23Chapter 4: Potential Economic Impacts ......................................................................... 264.1 Biodiesel Plant Impact............................................................................ 264.2 Findings: Construction Impacts and Operations Impacts......................... 304.3 Conclusions............................................................................................ 344.4 Impact Comparisons............................................................................... 35Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusions............................................................. 36ii