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V4.12Amendment l N Io« ¥-4/85 (Sept.)Cycle ramp gradients should preferably not be steeperthan 4%i "but may "be increased to Q%> if space is limited*Stepped ramps should, "be avoided as far as possibleand may only "be provided where space considerations make theprovision of unstepped ramps difficult or impossible* Riserheights should, not be more than 120 mm on stepped rampso Theeffective gradient of a stepped, ramp should preferably not besteeper than 14$ but may be increased to 16/& if space is limited*Experience indicates that the provision of tractionstrips is not preferred, even on steep ramps 3 and the use of anon-slip ;> surf ace will bo more acceptable * ¥here 'tractionstrips have to bo usod 3 these should be depressed* Embossedtraction strips should be avoided*4»12 & 5 • LandingsA user should be able to traverse a stairway landingin two comfortable stridcso A stairway landing length ofbetween 1500 - 1800 mm will enable most people to do this*Stairway landings may be reduced to a minimum of 1000 mm ifspace is limitedeThe length of ramp landings should preferably be notless than 2000 mm but may be reduced, to 1300 mm where spaoe islimited*The width of a landing should be not less thra thewidth of the widest stairway or ramp leading to ito4«12»6 Changes in directionThe corner formed, by a change in direction shouldbe curved to the greatest radius that is economicallyacceptable« Pedestrian conflicts will thereby be reducedand feelings of insecurity eased* The.- latter is particularlyimportant in subways., -where pedestrians tend to feel vulnerable5and in'consequence'subway corners should'" be designed to givea minimum person-to-person visibility of not less than 4000 mm*4*12*7 .Dimensions • •. • ' •Headroom should bo provided in accordance with therequirements of section 4«14oFootbridges? ramps and stairways should not normallybe less than 2000 mm wide* Subways should not normally be lessthan 3000 mm video4*12*8 Parapets and^handrailsParapets should "bo designed in accordance with therequirements of section 4*15« ..-They may be either solid or