Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers Adventure pdf - ER - NASA

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Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers’ Adventure EG–2002–12–007–GRC53
The Wright Brothers’ 1902 Glider was their third unpowered aircraft. It was flown repeatedly at Kitty Hawkduring 1902 as a kite and as a piloted glider. The brothers used this aircraft to solve some of the problemsencountered with the 1901 Glider. They also used it to develop their piloting skills, because this was the firstaircraft in the world that had active controls for all three axes: roll, pitch, and yaw.The 1902 aircraft had two wings and an elevator-stabilizer mounted in the front, like the 1901 aircraft. It had a32-foot wingspan, a 5-foot chord, and 5 feet between the wings. Without the pilot, it weighed about 120 pounds.As before, the pilot lies on the bottom wing and controls the roll of the aircraft by warping the wing shape. Onthe 1902 aircraft, however, and on all flyers through 1905, the warping was controlled by a control device calleda “hip cradle,” instead of the pedals that were used on the 1900 and 1901 aircraft.There were other major differences between this aircraft and its predecessors as well. Data from the 1901 windtunnel experiments showed that a longer, thinner wing gave less drag and a better lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio, so theaspect ratio (ratio of wingspan to wing chord or width) was changed from 3:1 on the 1901 aircraft to 6:1 on the1902 aircraft. To try to solve the problem of adverse yaw from the 1901 Glider, two 6-foot rudders were addedto the rear of the craft.Test flights went better than in 1901, but occasionally,the glider would spin out of control on recovering froma turn at low speed. Lying awake one night, Orvilleconcluded that the rudder was acting like a verticalwing, in which turning generated an angle of attack,and thus, an unwanted force in the wrong direction.To correct this, a single, movable rudder was attachedat the rear and connected to the wing-warping.Now perfected, the glider worked beautifully, keepingthe nose of the aircraft pointed into the curved flightpath. On the 1902 aircraft, the pilot could also changethe angle of the elevator to control the up and downposition, or pitch, of the nose of the aircraft. For thefirst time in history, a craft could be controlled inthree dimensions. With this new aircraft, the brotherscompleted gliding flights of over 650 feet.At the end of 1902, all that remained for the firstsuccessful airplane was the development of the propulsionsystem. During the following winter and spring,the brothers built their own small engine from scratchand perfected their own propeller design for the 1903flyer.Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers’ Adventure54EG–2002–12–007–GRC
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Learning to Fly: The Wright Brother
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AcknowledgmentsWriters and Contribu
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NCTM National MathematicsStandardsA
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Page 10 and 11: Lilienthal was a great influence on
Page 12 and 13: The Wright Brothers were raised in
Page 14 and 15: Learning to Fly: The Wright Brother
Page 16 and 17: Activity 1—Early AviationBefore y
Page 18 and 19: Having been appointed by the Societ
Page 20 and 21: Having visited the Wrights in Dayto
Page 22 and 23: Activity 5—Questions on the 1900
Page 24 and 25: You are involved with various activ
Page 26 and 27: Activity 9—Questions on the 1901
Page 28 and 29: Modern Wind TunnelsInlet diffuser o
Page 30 and 31: Activity 12—Operate the Wrights
Page 32 and 33: When the Society hears of the Wrigh
Page 34 and 35: Activity 15—Prices Then and NowTh
Page 36 and 37: He returns on December 11 and every
Page 38 and 39: Activity 18—Center of GravityIn c
Page 40 and 41: Questions1. Whose stick was the clo
Page 42 and 43: Activity 20—How To Launch the Fly
Page 44 and 45: You hear from your Dayton friends t
Page 48 and 49: Designed byRoger Storm, NASA Glenn
Page 50 and 51: 4. Make 12 spars by cutting toothpi
Page 52 and 53: 10. Turn the glider over again and
Page 54 and 55: While trying to solve these new pro
Page 56 and 57: 2. Using the templates as a guide,
Page 58 and 59: 7. To make a skid, join two toothpi
Page 64 and 65: 4. Place glue on the flat edge of t
Page 66 and 67: 10. Glue the skids on either side o
Page 68 and 69: 16. Turn the glider right side up a
Page 72 and 73: 4. Using the templates as a guide,
Page 74 and 75: 8. For spars for the elevator, cut
Page 76 and 77: 14. Cut two toothpicks to a 1.2-inc
Page 78 and 79: 20. Glue the V-shaped braces to the
Page 80 and 81: 26. (Optional) You can make the fig
Page 82 and 83: Kite: A tethered glider that is lif
Page 84 and 85: Activity 3 answers1. From your trip
Page 86 and 87: Activity 9 answersThe report of the
Page 88 and 89: Activity 12 answersPart D.Students
Page 90 and 91: Activity 17 answersIf you were eith
Page 92 and 93: Math challenge1. Your car can easil
Page 94 and 95: DescriptionStudents are to assume t
Page 96 and 97: Background informationThe students
Page 98 and 99: Activity 9: Questions on the 1901 G
Page 100 and 101: Background informationOrville and W
Page 102 and 103: Background informationWith each gli
Page 104 and 105: They also made the propellers turn
Page 106 and 107: ProceduresThe students draw the rop
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1901GliderBottom wingFront edge cur
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1902GliderRight wing (cut out two)L
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1903FlyerPropeller (cut out two)Pro
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Learning To Fly: The Wright Brother
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Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers Adventure pdf - ER - NASA

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