Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers Adventure pdf - ER - NASA

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16. Turn the glider right side up and glue thebottom two rudder braces to either side ofthe opening in the lower wing. This finishesthe glider.16.17. (Optional) You can make the figures ofWilbur and Orville Wright by swapping andgluing parts of plastic army soldiers. To obtainthe desired poses, arms and legs can beremoved and some from other soldiers gluedin their place. Guns and helmets should betrimmed away using a hobby knife and thefigure arms and legs can be shaped, swapped,or repositioned to fit and glued on. Five-minuteepoxy works best for this. The picture to theright shows how to make a pilot lay on thewing. The original soldiers on the left weretransformed into the figures of Wilbur andOrville Wright on the right.17.Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers’ Adventure EG–2002–12–007–GRC61
The Wright Brothers’ 1903 aircraft was the first heavier-than-air, self-propelled, maneuverable, piloted aircraft.It was, in short, the first airplane.The forces acting on this aircraft were identical to the forces that act on any modern aircraft. The various partsof the aircraft were designed and perfected by 3 years of flight testing of unpowered kites and gliders and fromwind tunnel testing. The Wrights used a moving elevator at the front of the aircraft to control pitch (an up ordown movement of the nose). From the glider flights of 1901, the brothers identified the need for a rudder atthe rear of the aircraft to control yaw (a side-to-side movement of the nose) and to allow coordinated turns.Control of roll (an up-and-down movement of the wing tips) was provided by wing-warping, which meanttwisting the wing tips to increase or decrease lift on the outer sections of the wing.The brothers began large-scale testing of their ideas with a combination kite and glider in 1900. The ideas testedon this aircraft were further refined on the glider of 1901, verified by the Wrights’ wind tunnel data, and finallyconfirmed on the very successful 1902 Glider.The 1903 aircraft (shown below) was similar to the 1902 craft, but now with a longer 40-foot wingspan, a 6-footchord, 5 feet between the wings, and twin rudders and elevators. The biggest difference between the 1902 and1903 aircraft was the addition of the propulsion system. The 1903 aircraft used twin pusher propellers locatedbehind the wings. They were made to rotate in opposite directions, so that the rotational forces would canceleach other out. The Wright Brothers used gasoline to turn the propellers. Since no one could provide them witha lightweight motor of adequate horsepower, they built their own 4-cylinder, 12-horsepower motor. To put thisinto perspective, the motor of a modern lawn mower can easily achieve 6 horsepower.The motor was placed on the lower wing next to the pilot and connected to the propellers with bicycle chains.A small gasoline tank was mounted on one of the wing struts. With the pilot and motor, the 1903 craft weigheda little over 700 pounds. This aircraft was first successfully flown on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, NC, onfour flights from about 100 to over 800 feet.Each of the four flights was marked byan instability in pitch; the nose, andconsequently the entire aircraft, wouldslowly bounce up and down. On thelast flight, hard contact with theground broke the front elevator support,damaged the engine, and endedthe season’s flying. The brothers wereencouraged, but realized that there wasstill more work to do before a truly operationalaircraft could be developed.They continued to perfect their designthrough 1904 and 1905.Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers’ Adventure62EG–2002–12–007–GRC
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Learning to Fly: The Wright Brother
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AcknowledgmentsWriters and Contribu
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NCTM National MathematicsStandardsA
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Lilienthal was a great influence on
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The Wright Brothers were raised in
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Learning to Fly: The Wright Brother
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Activity 1—Early AviationBefore y
Page 18 and 19: Having been appointed by the Societ
Page 20 and 21: Having visited the Wrights in Dayto
Page 22 and 23: Activity 5—Questions on the 1900
Page 24 and 25: You are involved with various activ
Page 26 and 27: Activity 9—Questions on the 1901
Page 28 and 29: Modern Wind TunnelsInlet diffuser o
Page 30 and 31: Activity 12—Operate the Wrights
Page 32 and 33: When the Society hears of the Wrigh
Page 34 and 35: Activity 15—Prices Then and NowTh
Page 36 and 37: He returns on December 11 and every
Page 38 and 39: Activity 18—Center of GravityIn c
Page 40 and 41: Questions1. Whose stick was the clo
Page 42 and 43: Activity 20—How To Launch the Fly
Page 44 and 45: You hear from your Dayton friends t
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Page 48 and 49: Designed byRoger Storm, NASA Glenn
Page 50 and 51: 4. Make 12 spars by cutting toothpi
Page 52 and 53: 10. Turn the glider over again and
Page 54 and 55: While trying to solve these new pro
Page 56 and 57: 2. Using the templates as a guide,
Page 58 and 59: 7. To make a skid, join two toothpi
Page 64 and 65: 4. Place glue on the flat edge of t
Page 66 and 67: 10. Glue the skids on either side o
Page 72 and 73: 4. Using the templates as a guide,
Page 74 and 75: 8. For spars for the elevator, cut
Page 76 and 77: 14. Cut two toothpicks to a 1.2-inc
Page 78 and 79: 20. Glue the V-shaped braces to the
Page 80 and 81: 26. (Optional) You can make the fig
Page 82 and 83: Kite: A tethered glider that is lif
Page 84 and 85: Activity 3 answers1. From your trip
Page 86 and 87: Activity 9 answersThe report of the
Page 88 and 89: Activity 12 answersPart D.Students
Page 90 and 91: Activity 17 answersIf you were eith
Page 92 and 93: Math challenge1. Your car can easil
Page 94 and 95: DescriptionStudents are to assume t
Page 96 and 97: Background informationThe students
Page 98 and 99: Activity 9: Questions on the 1901 G
Page 100 and 101: Background informationOrville and W
Page 102 and 103: Background informationWith each gli
Page 104 and 105: They also made the propellers turn
Page 106 and 107: ProceduresThe students draw the rop
Page 110 and 111: 1901GliderBottom wingFront edge cur
Page 112 and 113: 1902GliderRight wing (cut out two)L
Page 114 and 115: 1903FlyerPropeller (cut out two)Pro
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