western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Figure 5.20: Simplified tectonic map of the southern Ontario. No. 1, Niagara Pickeringlinear zone; 2, Salmon river Fault; 3, Scotch Bonnet Rise; 4, Picton Fall; 5, HamiltonPresqu-ile Lineament; 6, Wellington Fault; 7, Salmon Point Fault; 8, CLF- Clarendon-Linden Fault; 9, Hamilton-Lake Erie magnetic lineament; OBG, Ottawa Bonnecheregarben; GFTZ-Grenville front tectonic zone; CMBbtz, Central Metasedimentry Beltboundry tectonic zone; EFbz, Elzevir Frontenac boundary zone; (compiled from Baird2010; Ontario Geological survey 1991; McFall 1993).5.4.7 Ohio-Pennsylvania Cluster (OP1)The Ohio-Pennsylvania border or Northeast Ohio (OP1) cluster is located south of LakeErie from latitude 41.3 to 42.1° and longitude -79.9 to -81.5°. From 1992-2011 therewere six earthquakes with magnitude higher than 3.5 and focal depth of 5 to 10 km95
ecorded within this cluster. As it can be seen from Figure 5.21, most of the events haveoblique-slip focal mechanisms. The dip angles of the nodal planes in this cluster are 38°to 58° in NW-SE direction and 34° to 71° in NE-SW direction (Figure 5.21c). Thepressure axes varies from E-W to EES orientations. (Figure 5.21d), similar to thenortheast strike of the boundary zones dividing the main tectonic segments of theGrenville province (the GFtz, CMBbtz, and EFbz) (Easton, 1992). Seismicity in thisregion is compatible with reactivation of pre-existing fault zones in this zone (Figure 5.20).A comparison of the strike of the nodal planes for all clusters in the study area andthe known tectonic features is shown in Figure 5.22. As discussed in details the generalaverage strike of focal mechanisms of the events in southeastern part of the WesternQuebec seismic zone is N-S, which is compatible with the faults and other pre-existingshear zones in this area. For the rest of western Quebec, the strike of the focalmechanisms is generally in NW-SE direction, which is also compatible with local faultsand structures in most cases, as discussed above. For southern Ontario, the strike of thefocal mechanisms of the events is mostly in N-S to NE-SW. This is consistent with thedirection of major shear zones in this area. As the structural dip can affect both the depthand epicentres of the earthquakes they may line up on the surface but not at depth. Forcomparison of the hypocentre locations with the faults in depth there will be necessary tohave more high-quality hypocentres. This discussion is based on a limited number ofearthquakes studied here, and more detailed analyses with larger earthquake database isrequired to define if there is a correlation between the hypocentre locations and the faults.96
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FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
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Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
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Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
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AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
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Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
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1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
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eastern Canada each year, of which
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Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
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The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
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Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
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oadly similar continent-continent c
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Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
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earthquakes have occurred within th
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cluster, which is considered part o
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2001. All events seemed to occur in
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CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
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Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
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Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
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the strongest recorded event in the
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Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
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The amplitudes of the seismic waves
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Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
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HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
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wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
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model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 65 and 66: some spatial variability of the ori
Page 67 and 68: 22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
Page 69 and 70: a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
Page 71 and 72: esults from other similar studies,
Page 73 and 74: source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
Page 75 and 76: estimate using a stress inversion t
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
Page 79 and 80: oundaries of the Central Metasedime
Page 81 and 82: In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
Page 83 and 84: deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
Page 87 and 88: 2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
Page 89 and 90: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
Page 91 and 92: 5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
Page 93 and 94: WQ5 is located in the southern part
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5.13: Geological features of
Page 97 and 98: consistent with regional fault map
Page 99 and 100: WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
Page 101 and 102: 5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
Page 103 and 104: The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
Page 105: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
Page 111 and 112: estricted to western Lake Ontario o
Page 113 and 114: More detailed look at the relations
Page 115 and 116: Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
Page 117 and 118: Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
Page 119 and 120: Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
Page 121 and 122: Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
Page 123 and 124: Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
Page 125 and 126: Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
Page 129 and 130: SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
Page 131 and 132: EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
Page 133 and 134: PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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