western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

This study focuses on the seismicity of the WQSZ and the SOSZ, but shortdescriptions of the tectonics and seismicity of the other two seismic zones (CSZ andLSZ) are also included.2.3.1 The Western Quebec Seismic zone (WQSZ)The Western Quebec Seismic Zone, which was first defined by Basham et al. (1979), is a160 km wide zone extending 500 km from the Timiskaming region of Quebec (~47.5°N,79°W) to the Adirondack Highlands of upstate New York (~43.5°N, 73.5°W) (Figure2.3). This zone is situated over the Mesozoic track of the Great Meteor hotspot (Crough,1981). Adams and Basham (1989) divided the WQSZ into two regions. The first region isalong the Ottawa River from Timiskaming to Ottawa and the second region is parallel tothe first from Montreal to Baskatong Reservoir, about 200 km north of Ottawa. Adamsand Basham (1989) suggested that the seismicity of the first region could be associatedwith a zone of normal faulting along the Ottawa River, while the second region could bedue to crustal fractures formed during the passage of North America over the hot spotbetween 140 and 120 million years ago (Crough, 1981).Tectonic features in the WQSZ were formed over a long time interval, from 2.8Ga within the Superior Province (Laurentian craton) to 115 Ma intrusions along the trackof the Great Meteor hotspot. The major orogenic belt of the Mesoproterozoic Grenvilleorogeny (1.2-1.0 Ga) transects this region (Faill, 1997). The Grenville orogen comprisesthe youngest rocks of the Canadian Shield and extends beneath Phanerozoic sedimentaryrocks (Figure 2.1). The similarity between the tectonic setting of the Grenville orogen andthe modern Alpine-Himalayan orogen suggests that they both formed as a consequence of13
oadly similar continent-continent collisional processes (Carr et al. 2000). The thicknessof the crust within the Grenville province varies between 30 and 48 km, with generallythinner crust in the vicinity of the WQSZ (Eaton et al. 2006).The Great Meteor Hotspot track, with its SE-NW direction, crosses the wholeWQSZ (Crough, 1981; Morgan, 1983; Sleep, 1990; McHone, 1996). Igneouscrystallization ages increase monotonically from southeast to northwest (Heaman andKjaarsgaard, 2000). Surface features such as small-volume kimberlite eruptions can alsobe attributed to the hotspot (Heaman and Kjaarsgaard, 2000). Other surface features likeintermediate-volume alkaline magmas that occur near the edge of the craton and withinthe Appalachian orogen, could be related to the hotspot (Zartman, 1977; Eby, 1984). Thischange in the inferred near-surface expression of the hotspot proposes an evolution fromkimberlitic melts to more voluminous crustal magmatism, as the inferred hotspotinteracted with a progressively thinner lithosphere due to the motion of the overridingplate (Ma, 2009).Sykes (1980) and Ma and Atkinson (2006) suggested that the regional seismicityin the WQSZ might be localized along the hotspot track. Many large historical eventsoccurred along this trend in the Boston region, including the 1755 Cape Ann M 6.2earthquake (Ebel, 2002), the 1727 M 7 (Ebel et al., 2000), and 1638 M 6.5 (Ebel, 1998).Ma and Atkinson (2006) proposed that the hot spot track exerts control on the location ofseismicity, either by thermal rejuvenation of antecedent faults, or by stress concentrationdue to a predicted large strength contrast between mafic and felsic rock in the middlecrust, similar to the events in Georgian Bay (Dineva et al., 2007).14
Page 1 and 2: FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
Page 3: Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
Page 11 and 12: AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
Page 13 and 14: Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
Page 17 and 18: eastern Canada each year, of which
Page 19 and 20: Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
Page 21 and 22: The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
Page 23: Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
Page 29 and 30: earthquakes have occurred within th
Page 31 and 32: cluster, which is considered part o
Page 33 and 34: 2001. All events seemed to occur in
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
Page 41 and 42: the strongest recorded event in the
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
Page 45 and 46: The amplitudes of the seismic waves
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
Page 49 and 50: HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
Page 51 and 52: wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
Page 53 and 54: model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 65 and 66: some spatial variability of the ori
Page 67 and 68: 22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
Page 69 and 70: a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
Page 71 and 72: esults from other similar studies,
Page 73 and 74: source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
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estimate using a stress inversion t
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Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
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oundaries of the Central Metasedime
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In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
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deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
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Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
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2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
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5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
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WQ5 is located in the southern part
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Figure 5.13: Geological features of
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consistent with regional fault map
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WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
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5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
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The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
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ecorded within this cluster. As it
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Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
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estricted to western Lake Ontario o
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More detailed look at the relations
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Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
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Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
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Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
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Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
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Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
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Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
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APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
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SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
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EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
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PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
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APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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