western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

clusters have been outlined for western Quebec, one in southern Ontario, and onein Pennsylvania. The seismic characteristics of each cluster including focalmechanism solutions, the maximum compressive stress directions inferred fromFMS, and relationship between seismicity and pre-existing tectonic settings werestudied. The locations and characteristics of seismicity clusters appear to beconsistent with the hypothesis that they are mainly near the locations of preexistingfaults or shear zones.• The orientation of the nodal planes and P-axes varies from cluster to clusterwithin the same seismic zone. The orientation of P-axes varies from N019 toN274° for WQSZ and from ∼N110° to N280° for southern Ontario.• The results in this study show more detailed variations in the compressionorientation compared to the results obtained by Mazzotti and Townend (2010) forWestern Quebec.6.2 RecommendationsThis thesis provides an insight to our understanding of relationship between seismicityand tectonic features in western Quebec and southern Ontario. Source parameters ofrecent earthquakes have been analyzed and a possible link between the earthquakes andtectonics in the region was proposed. However, there is still room for more detailedinvestigations. Due to the large study area, it was not possible to discuss these relations indetails.101
More detailed look at the relationship between earthquake focal mechanisms andgeologic features in each of the clusters discussed in this study will complement thisresearch and provide a comprehensive understanding of the earthquake occurrencemechanisms.Some statistics of the pressure and tension axes was obtained in the study and theorientation of the pressure axes was compared with the regional stress field. The resultsfrom this study can be used for a stress inversion to obtain the local variations in thestress field (principal stresses). Future detailed analysis could clarify the influence ofdifferent factors, e.g. the structural weaknesses (e.g., pre-existing faults or shear zones)on the variations of the stress field.This study focused on earthquakes with magnitude 3.5 and above (up to 5.7m N ).Future analysis of earthquakes with magnitude below 3.5 would complement thisresearch and can give even more detailed picture of the local variations of the stress field.102
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FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
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Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
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Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
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AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
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Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
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1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
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eastern Canada each year, of which
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Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
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The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
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Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
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oadly similar continent-continent c
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Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
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earthquakes have occurred within th
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cluster, which is considered part o
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2001. All events seemed to occur in
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CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
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Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
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Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
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the strongest recorded event in the
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Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
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The amplitudes of the seismic waves
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Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
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HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
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wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
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model for P-wave velocity with mult
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CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
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Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
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Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 65 and 66: some spatial variability of the ori
Page 67 and 68: 22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
Page 69 and 70: a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
Page 71 and 72: esults from other similar studies,
Page 73 and 74: source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
Page 75 and 76: estimate using a stress inversion t
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
Page 79 and 80: oundaries of the Central Metasedime
Page 81 and 82: In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
Page 83 and 84: deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
Page 87 and 88: 2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
Page 89 and 90: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
Page 91 and 92: 5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
Page 93 and 94: WQ5 is located in the southern part
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5.13: Geological features of
Page 97 and 98: consistent with regional fault map
Page 99 and 100: WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
Page 101 and 102: 5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
Page 103 and 104: The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
Page 105 and 106: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
Page 107 and 108: ecorded within this cluster. As it
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
Page 111: estricted to western Lake Ontario o
Page 115 and 116: Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
Page 117 and 118: Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
Page 119 and 120: Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
Page 121 and 122: Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
Page 123 and 124: Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
Page 125 and 126: Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
Page 129 and 130: SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
Page 131 and 132: EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
Page 133 and 134: PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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