western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

abcdFigure 4.3: Samples of focal mechanis solutions with different quality : a: Excellentsolution; b: Very good solution; c: Usable solution (with a few options); d: Poor solution.(T: Tension axis; P: Compression axis)Figure 4.4 shows a map with the geographic locations of the 50 earthquakes andthe lower hemisphere beach-ball diagrams. Among the 50 events studied here, 29 arethrust fault events and the other 21 events have focal mechanisms that are dominantlyreverse with a small component of strike-slip movement. In terms of the regionaldistribution, all events in the WQSZ have a reverse-sense focal mechanism, although53
some spatial variability of the orientation of the fault planes is apparent. In general, thefocal mechanism solutions are similar and show thrusting on NNW or NW strikes. ThisNNW-NW strike of the planes is almost parallel to the general trend in seismicity.The events in southern Ontario have different nodal plane strike orientations tothe WQSZ (Figure 4.5 – right). They have mostly NNE-SSW direction with an averagestrike of 34°. The pressure axes there are mostly subhorizontal but they are rotatedcompared to Western Quebec and have an average EW trend (~N280°). Events insouthern Ontario and more specifically in Lake Ontario and south of Lake Erie aremainly of strike-slip character. The results are consistent with the focal mechanismsreported by Adams et al. (1989) and Bent et al. (1999) for the western Quebec andsouthern Ontario using P polarities and Sv/P amplitude ratio information. A recent eventin Georgian Bay (around 100 km from Lake Ontario) had a focal mechanism very similarto those in the WQSZ (Dineva et al., 2007).Figure 4.5b the dip angle of the nodal planes indicate that: in Western Quebecthere are two clusters for both nodal planes. One of the planes is dipping in the NEdirection (~ 40°) and the other one in SW direction (~ 220°). In Southern Ontario themajority of the nodal planes yield dip angles around 54°-55° towards the SE (~107°) andNW (~143°) directions.54
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FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
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Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
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Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
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AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
Page 13 and 14: Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
Page 17 and 18: eastern Canada each year, of which
Page 19 and 20: Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
Page 21 and 22: The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
Page 25 and 26: oadly similar continent-continent c
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
Page 29 and 30: earthquakes have occurred within th
Page 31 and 32: cluster, which is considered part o
Page 33 and 34: 2001. All events seemed to occur in
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
Page 41 and 42: the strongest recorded event in the
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
Page 45 and 46: The amplitudes of the seismic waves
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
Page 49 and 50: HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
Page 51 and 52: wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
Page 53 and 54: model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 67 and 68: 22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
Page 69 and 70: a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
Page 71 and 72: esults from other similar studies,
Page 73 and 74: source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
Page 75 and 76: estimate using a stress inversion t
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
Page 79 and 80: oundaries of the Central Metasedime
Page 81 and 82: In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
Page 83 and 84: deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
Page 87 and 88: 2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
Page 89 and 90: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
Page 91 and 92: 5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
Page 93 and 94: WQ5 is located in the southern part
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5.13: Geological features of
Page 97 and 98: consistent with regional fault map
Page 99 and 100: WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
Page 101 and 102: 5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
Page 103 and 104: The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
Page 105 and 106: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
Page 107 and 108: ecorded within this cluster. As it
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
Page 111 and 112: estricted to western Lake Ontario o
Page 113 and 114: More detailed look at the relations
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Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
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Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
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Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
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Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
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Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
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Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
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APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
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SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
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EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
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PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
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APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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