western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

The WQSZ is known as the second most active seismic zone in eastern Canada(Figure 2.4). Recent studies have suggested that larger historic earthquakes withmagnitudes around 7 may have happened between 4550 and 7060 years B.P. (Aylsworthet al. 2000). In 1732 an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 5.8 occurred nearMontreal, causing significant damage to houses and properties. Many people were alsoinjured with one possible death (Smith., 1962). In 1935 the area of Timiskaming, in themost northern part of the seismic zone, was shaken by an earthquake with a magnitude of6.2 (Basham et al., 1989). In 1944, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.6 causedsignificant damage to the area of Cornwall-Massena (Hodgson, 1945). Inversion ofregional waveform recordings performed by Bent (1996a) showed that this earthquakeoccurred in the mid-crust at a depth of about 20 km with an oblique thrust mechanism,similar to the mechanism for other events in the WQSZ and consistent with the regionalstress field. The area is also occasionally shaken by moderate earthquakes. Between 1980and 2000, 16 earthquakes were recorded with a magnitude of around 4.0 m N . Recently, inJanuary 2000, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.2 m N occurred in Kipawa, close to theepicentre of the 1935 event, which was felt up to 500 km away (Bent et al. 2002). In April2002, an event with a moment magnitude of 5.5 M W occurred in the AdirondackMountains in New York State (Seeber et al. 2002). On June 23, 2010 an earthquake withmoment magnitude M W 5.0 hit Val-des-Bois, Quebec, with ground shaking felt over alarge area of eastern Canada and northeast United States.15
Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes in Western Quebec Seismic Zone (1627-1984)(Data is extracted from the Canadian National Earthquake Database (NEDB)-Earthquakes Canada, GSC, Earthquake Search (On-line Bulletin),http://seismo.nrcan.gc.ca/stnsdata/nedb/bull_e.php, Nat. Res. Can., accessed June 2011).Seismic activity within the WQSZ contributes significantly to the seismic hazardin the south eastern Canadian cities of Ottawa and Montreal (Adams and Halchuk, 2003).The pattern of historical seismic activity shows that the earthquake concentration ismainly focused along the Ottawa River and in the Montreal-Maniwaki region (Figure2.4).16
Page 1 and 2: FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
Page 3: Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
Page 11 and 12: AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
Page 13 and 14: Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
Page 17 and 18: eastern Canada each year, of which
Page 19 and 20: Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
Page 21 and 22: The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
Page 25: oadly similar continent-continent c
Page 29 and 30: earthquakes have occurred within th
Page 31 and 32: cluster, which is considered part o
Page 33 and 34: 2001. All events seemed to occur in
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
Page 41 and 42: the strongest recorded event in the
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
Page 45 and 46: The amplitudes of the seismic waves
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
Page 49 and 50: HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
Page 51 and 52: wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
Page 53 and 54: model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 65 and 66: some spatial variability of the ori
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Page 69 and 70: a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
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Page 75 and 76: estimate using a stress inversion t
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Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
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oundaries of the Central Metasedime
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In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
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deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
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Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
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2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
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5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
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WQ5 is located in the southern part
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Figure 5.13: Geological features of
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consistent with regional fault map
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WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
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5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
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The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
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ecorded within this cluster. As it
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Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
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estricted to western Lake Ontario o
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More detailed look at the relations
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Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
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Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
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Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
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Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
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Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
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Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
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APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
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SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
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EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
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PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
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APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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