western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

esearchers investigated the tectonic features of the Grenville orogen by deep seismicreflection imagery from seismic surveys (e.g., White et al., 2000; Forsyth et al., 1994a,b).White et al. (2000) proposed a seismic-based cross-section for the southwest GrenvilleProvince. This section shows that domains within the lithotectonic settings are separatedby a series of northwest-directed thrust sheets. Seismic sections proposed for the orogenbeneath the Great Lakes by Forsyth et al., (1994a,b) and that proposed for areas farthereast in Quebec by Martignole & Calvert (1996) demonstrate similar crustal features.Seismic reflection images of the GFtz, CMBbtz, and EFbz display shallow to moderateeast-dipping reflections that continue to mid-crustal depths (12-20 km) (Green et al.,1988; Milkereit et al., 1992; White et al., 1994). Culotta et al. (1990) proposed that theboundary between the Elzevir and Frontenac terranes could be the eastern edge of thecrustal block of west-dipping features that extends south-west to Alabama.Southern Ontario has continuously experienced relatively small seismic events.Stevens (1994) described the seismicity of this region as “intermittent scattered activity”with no preferred trends. Other authors, however, suggested a link between seismicactivity of this region and magnetic lineaments associated with basement shear zones(e.g., Thomas et al., 1993; Mohajer, 1993; Wallach et al., 1998). Some authors have alsomade a connection between basement features and current seismicity (Mohajer, 1993;Seeber & Armbruster, 1993; Wallach et al., 1998; Boyce & Morris, 2002). Howeverthese studies have been primarily qualitative in nature. Godin et al., (2002) proposed aglaciotectonic origin for most of the deformation features observed in the Rouge Rivervalley in the region of Toronto. Mereu et al. (2002) summarized the existing publicationson seismicity and revised the hypocentre locations in the region for the period 1990 –21
2001. All events seemed to occur in the upper part of the crust at depths less than 18 km,and most events occurred at depths less than 10 km. The epicentres of studied events areconcentrated beneath Lake Ontario and south of Lake Erie and exhibit statisticallysignificant clustering and a northeast alignment. Dineva et al. (2004) recognized fivedistinct clusters, four around the western Lake Ontario-Niagara Falls area and one on theOhio-Pennsylvania border near Lake Erie. The inferred spatial correlations betweenmodern seismicity and magnetic anomalies and the proximity of seismicity to the GreatLakes suggested that seismicity in the region tends to be localized mostly in areas wherepre-existing tectonic structures are favourably oriented with respect to the present-daystress field.2.4. Focal Mechanism and Tectonic StressEvaluation of focal mechanisms for several seismic events in eastern Canadademonstrates a change from a strike-slip regime in the central eastern United States to athrust regime in the southeastern Canada-U.S. border region (e.g. Zoback, 1992b; Du etal., 2003; Baird et al. 2009). The earthquake hypocentres were also shown to be deeperon the Canadian side (5–28 km) versus much shallower depths (2–8 km) on the U.S. side(Du et al., 2003). This transition seems to occur near the former margin of the Laurentideice sheet (Stewart et al., 2000). Adams and Basham, (1989) thus suggested that theseismicity in this region may be partially a result of stress perturbations induced bypostglacial rebound.22
Page 1 and 2: FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
Page 3: Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
Page 11 and 12: AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
Page 13 and 14: Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
Page 17 and 18: eastern Canada each year, of which
Page 19 and 20: Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
Page 21 and 22: The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
Page 25 and 26: oadly similar continent-continent c
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
Page 29 and 30: earthquakes have occurred within th
Page 31: cluster, which is considered part o
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
Page 41 and 42: the strongest recorded event in the
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
Page 45 and 46: The amplitudes of the seismic waves
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
Page 49 and 50: HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
Page 51 and 52: wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
Page 53 and 54: model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 65 and 66: some spatial variability of the ori
Page 67 and 68: 22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
Page 69 and 70: a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
Page 71 and 72: esults from other similar studies,
Page 73 and 74: source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
Page 75 and 76: estimate using a stress inversion t
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
Page 79 and 80: oundaries of the Central Metasedime
Page 81 and 82: In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
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deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
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Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
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2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
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5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
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WQ5 is located in the southern part
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Figure 5.13: Geological features of
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consistent with regional fault map
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WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
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5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
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The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
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ecorded within this cluster. As it
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Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
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estricted to western Lake Ontario o
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More detailed look at the relations
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Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
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Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
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Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
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Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
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Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
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Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
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APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
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SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
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EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
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PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
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APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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