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Smith, W. E. T. (1962). Earthquakes of eastern Canada and adjacent areas 1534–1927. Publ. Dominion Obs. Ottawa, 26, 269– 301.Snoke, J. A., Munsey, J. W., Teague, A. G., and Bollinger, G. A. (1984). A programfor Focal mechanism determination by combined use of polarity and SV-P amplitudedata (abstract). Earthquake Not., 55(3), 15.Solomon, S. C. And Duxbury, E. D. (1987). A test of the longevity of impact-inducedfaults preferred sites for later tectonic activity. J. Geoph. Res., 92(B4), 759-769.Stein, S., and Wysession, M. (2003), An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes,and Earth Structure. Blackwell, Malden, Mass.Stevens, A. E. (1994). Earthquakes in the Lake Ontario region: intermittent scatteredactivity, not persistent trends. Geo. Ca., 21, 105–111.Stewart, I. S., J. Sauber, and Rose, J. (2000). Glacio-tectonics: Ice sheets, crustalDeformation, and seismicity. Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 1367– 1389.Sykes, L.R. (1978). Intraplate seismicity, reactivation of preexisting zones ofweakness, alkaline magmatism and other tectonism post-dating continentalfragmentation. Rev. Geoph., 16, 621–688.Sykes, L. R. (1980). Earthquakes and other processes within lithospheric plates andthe reactivation of pre-existing zones of weakness, in The Continental Crust and ItsMineral Deposits, edited by D. W. Strangway. Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap., 20, 215–237.Talwani, P. (1999). Fault geometry and earthquakes in continental interiors.Tectonophysics, 305, 371– 379.Thomas, R.L., Wallach, J.L, McMillan, R.K., Bowlby, J.R., Frape, S., Keyes, D. andMohajer, A. A. (1993). Recent deformation in the bottom sediments of western andsoutheastern Lake Ontario and its association with major structures and seismicity. InJ.L. Wallach and J.A. Heginbottom, eds., Neotectonics of the Great Lakes Area.Géogr. Phys. Quater., 47.Thomas, W. A. (2006). Tectonic inheritance at a continental margin. GSA Today,16(2).Wallach, J. L., Mohajer,A. A., and Thomas, R. L. (1998). Linear zones, seismicity,and the possibility of a major earthquake in intraplate western Lake Ontario area ofeastern North America. Can. J. Earth Sci, 35, 7.113
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Page 1 and 2:
FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
Page 3:
Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
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Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
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AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
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Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
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1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1
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eastern Canada each year, of which
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Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
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The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
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Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
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oadly similar continent-continent c
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Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
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earthquakes have occurred within th
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cluster, which is considered part o
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2001. All events seemed to occur in
Page 35 and 36:
CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
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Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
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Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
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the strongest recorded event in the
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Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
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The amplitudes of the seismic waves
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Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
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HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
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wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
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model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56:
CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58:
Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60:
Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62:
The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64:
focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
Page 65 and 66:
some spatial variability of the ori
Page 67 and 68:
22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
Page 69 and 70:
a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
Page 71 and 72:
esults from other similar studies,
Page 73 and 74: source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
Page 75 and 76: estimate using a stress inversion t
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
Page 79 and 80: oundaries of the Central Metasedime
Page 81 and 82: In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
Page 83 and 84: deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
Page 87 and 88: 2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
Page 89 and 90: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
Page 91 and 92: 5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
Page 93 and 94: WQ5 is located in the southern part
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5.13: Geological features of
Page 97 and 98: consistent with regional fault map
Page 99 and 100: WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
Page 101 and 102: 5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
Page 103 and 104: The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
Page 105 and 106: a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
Page 107 and 108: ecorded within this cluster. As it
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
Page 111 and 112: estricted to western Lake Ontario o
Page 113 and 114: More detailed look at the relations
Page 115 and 116: Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
Page 117 and 118: Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
Page 119 and 120: Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
Page 121 and 122: Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
Page 123: Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
Page 129 and 130: SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
Page 131 and 132: EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
Page 133 and 134: PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Page 139 and 140: 128
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Page 159 and 160: 148
Page 161 and 162: 150
Page 163 and 164: 152
Page 165 and 166: 154
Page 167 and 168: 156
Page 169 and 170: 158
Page 171 and 172: Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
Page 173 and 174: 19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
Page 175 and 176:
19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
Page 177 and 178:
20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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168
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170
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172
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