western quebec and southern ontario - Department of Geology

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Upgrades to the seismic networks in the last 20 years provide an opportunity forfurther study of the earthquake parameters and investigation of the relationships betweengeological setting and seismic source properties. The Southern Ontario Seismic Network(SOSN) (Mereu et al., 2002), the POLARIS network (Portable Observatories forLithospheric Analysis and Research Investigating Seismicity) (Eaton et al. 2005) and therecent expansion of the Lamont-Doherty Cooperative Seismographic Network (LCSN)have improved the seismic network coverage in this area, providing better observationalconstraints on the recent seismicity. Most of the POLARIS stations use satellitecommunication technology, which allows for the installation of seismometers in remoteareas. This has enabled the development of extensive seismic network coverage in partsof eastern Canada where significant but poorly understood seismicity may exist.The objectives of this Thesis are to obtain several key source parameters(hypocentre locations, refined focal depths, and focal mechanisms) for earthquakes withmagnitude (m N ) over 3.5 from 1992 to 2011 in western Quebec and southern Ontario.The new data, combined with the existing data in the Canadian Stress Database andvarious other publications, are used to examine the hypotheses for underlying tectoniccontrols on earthquake locations through comparison of hypocentre locations withseismogenic structures and other geological data. The threshold magnitude 3.5 waschosen because earthquakes stronger than 3.5 are well recorded by many stations and thelocations and focal mechanisms can be reliably estimated. Smaller events usually do notgenerate enough data for estimation of the focal mechanism.3
1.2 Organization of ThesisChapter 1 provides a description of the problem, scope, and layout of this thesis. Chapter2 consists of a comprehensive survey of geological features as well as historicalseismicity of the study area. Chapter 3 discusses the data set and methods used todetermine the seismic parameters of earthquake data in southern Ontario and westernQuebec. A brief review of the software packages used in this study is presented. Chapter4 reports the results of the study including epicentre locations, focal depths and focalmechanisms for each studied earthquake. Chapter 5 is a discussion of the seismic sourceparameters in the study area along with a comparison to tectonic features of westernQuebec and southern Ontario. All together, ten distinct clusters of events were identifiedand discussed. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the findings of the research and makesrecommendations for future research.4
Page 1 and 2: FOCAL MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN
Page 3: Acknowledgements:I would like to ex
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5.12: Summary of the focal m
Page 11 and 12: AbbreviationsCNSN: Canadian Nationa
Page 13: Earthquakes in western Quebec and s
Page 17 and 18: eastern Canada each year, of which
Page 19 and 20: Metasedimentary Belt boundary tecto
Page 21 and 22: The Grenville Front tectonic zone (
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.3: Seismicity in the study
Page 25 and 26: oadly similar continent-continent c
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.4: Historical earthquakes
Page 29 and 30: earthquakes have occurred within th
Page 31 and 32: cluster, which is considered part o
Page 33 and 34: 2001. All events seemed to occur in
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3DATA SET AND METHODS3.1 In
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 3.1: Locations of seismic stat
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.2: Number of stations used
Page 41 and 42: the strongest recorded event in the
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.5: Earthquake source param
Page 45 and 46: The amplitudes of the seismic waves
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.7: Vertical component wave
Page 49 and 50: HYPOCENTER programThe HYPOCENTER pr
Page 51 and 52: wave - e.g. Pg or Pn, Sg or Sn), th
Page 53 and 54: model for P-wave velocity with mult
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 4RESULTSIn this chapter the
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.1: Distribution of RMS of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.2: Earthquake parameters (h
Page 61 and 62: The focal depth calculated here is
Page 63 and 64: focal mechanism beach-ball diagrams
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some spatial variability of the ori
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22 20001006 50 ±3 134 ±10 90 ±0
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a)b)c)d)Western QuebecSouthern Onta
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esults from other similar studies,
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source region (e.g. Chen and Molnar
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estimate using a stress inversion t
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Figure 5.3: Stress pattern for all
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oundaries of the Central Metasedime
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In Western Quebec Seizmic Zone (WQS
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deeper than 20 km (20 km to 26 km).
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Figure 5.7: Geologic features of WQ
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2009). The Mont-Laurier earthquake
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.9: Summary of th
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5.4.3 Adirondack Clusters (WQ4 and
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WQ5 is located in the southern part
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Figure 5.13: Geological features of
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consistent with regional fault map
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WQ8 is locatedin the north-western
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5.4.5 Timiskaming Cluster (WQ9)The
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The known faults in WQ9 cluster are
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a) b)c) d)Figure 5.19: Summary of t
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ecorded within this cluster. As it
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Figure 5.22: Nodal plane strike for
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estricted to western Lake Ontario o
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More detailed look at the relations
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Baird, W.A. F., and McKinnon, S. D.
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Easton, R. M. (1986). Geochronology
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Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2
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Ma, S., and Adams, J. (2002). Estim
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Rimando, R. E., and Benn, K. (2005)
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Wahlstrom, R. (1987) Focal mechanis
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APPENDIX A: Examples of Input and O
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SUNO BZ SN 3 141 15.29SADO BZ SG 4
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EEO BZ SG 4 140 48.02 91 0.09 0 315
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PAL BZ PN 2 D 140 33.20 53 -0.21 1
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APPENDIX C: Faults Plane Solutions
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Appendix D: Focal Mechanisms From P
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19810707 -74.6 45.1 13.0 1.9 304.0
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19950603 -76.4 47.1 18.0 3.9 100.1
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20060225 -75.2 45.7 18.7 4.5 125.8
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