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872 THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANGUAGE STUDIESPercentage usingtechnology in appliedteaching productsTABLE 2.3TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN FINAL PROJECTSArabic TeachersChinese Teachers100% 100%Technology Teacher-applications Student-applications Teacher-applications Student-applicationsPowerPoint 66% 33% 50% 10%Wordle - 33% - -Webquest/internet - 33% - 20%Video clips - - 30% -Video production - - - 20%Podcast - - - 10%Smartboard - - 10% -Implications and LimitationsOne implication portrayed in this study indicates that multiple efforts and pathways need to be taken to provideprofessional development training for filling the paucity of critical need language teachers. A second implicationinherent in this study is the need for recognition and acknowledgement that many challenges confront these teacherstransitioning into teaching in U.S. schools. The ACTFL 21 st Century Skills Map helps to better equip and preparestudents for a global community. It is clear that the teacher participants grasped the salient ideas and concepts andquickly adapted them to connect to their instructional practices.There are a few notable limitations when considering the results and implications of this study. First, the researchersopted to use open-ended questions on the pre- and post-institute surveys. Although this was done to provide theparticipants with complete autonomy in their responses, it may have limited the type of data collected. Also, it is quitepossible that not all questions were understood and/or comprehensible as the surveys were entirely in English. A secondlimitation is that the researchers were not able to fully utilize a broad range of data sources. Further research shouldinclude classroom observations and follow-up interviews in order to clarify and extend one’s understanding of therelationships that emerged from the data in this small-scale study. Third, the small sample size may not berepresentative of the larger population of teachers of critical need languages. Therefore, generalizing the findings fromthis study should be done so with caution.V. CONCLUSIONThis study is descriptive in nature, with its aim being to build upon our previous line of inquiry. Because the samplesize is small, it is difficult to make generalizations. However, the study clearly demonstrates the multifaceted trainingrequirements of critical need language teachers. The data collected in this fifth year of the GMU StarTalk summerinstitute adds to a much needed growing body of research. The study was designed as a continuation of on-goingefforts to investigate filling the gap between supply and demand of critical need language teachers. Due to the urgentneed to expand the teaching force in critical need languages, and the challenges of teaching Arabic and Chinese in U.S.schools, we must focus on developing new programs at all levels while increasing enrollments in existing programs.Integrating the 21 st Century Skills Map into critical language teaching provides a significant step forward in seeking todevelop U.S. students into highly skilled world citizens. It is our hope that this research may serve as a model forincreasing the numbers of teachers in high need areas, such as Arabic and Chinese.APPENDIX A PRE AND POST-SURVEY QUESTIONS1. What is your home country?2. What is your gender?3. What is the highest degree that you have earned?4. Do you have teaching experience? - Yes - No- What subject(s) did you teach?- What grade(s)?- Where (country)?- For how long?5. Do you currently hold a foreign/ world language teaching license or certificate in the United States?- If you do not hold a teaching license in the U.S., are you currently working on the licensure requirements?6. Are you employed as a language teacher in a U.S. school? - yes - no- public school- private school7. What language(s) do you teach or will you teach?- Chinese- Arabic8. Check the statement that best describes your familiarity with 21st century skills:© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANGUAGE STUDIES 873- I have heard of 21st century skills and am familiar with how to address them- I have heard of 21st century skills but I am not sure how to address them- I have never heard of the term 21st century skills9. From your experience, what are some ways teachers can help students learn a language?10. What do you believe a teacher’s role is in the classroom?11. What technology applications are you currently using in the classroom?12. Check the statement that best describes your knowledge and understanding of learner-centered instructionalpractices:- I know about learner-centered instructional practices well enough to apply them to my teaching- I know about learner-centered instructional practices, but I am not sure how to apply them in my teaching- I have heard of learner-centered instructional practices, but I do not know much about them- I have never heard of learner-centered instructional practices13. Check the statement that best describes your knowledge and understanding of the Standards of Foreign LanguageLearning (The 5Cs):- I know the standards well enough to apply them to my teaching- I know the standards, but I am not sure how to apply them in my teaching- I have heard of the standards, but I do not know much about them- I have never heard of the standards14. Check the statement that best describes your knowledge and understanding of the 3 Communicative Modes(interpretive, interpersonal, presentational):- I know the 3 Communicative Modes well enough to apply them to my teaching- I know the 3 Communicative Modes, but I am not sure how to apply them in my teaching- I have heard of the 3 Communicative Modes, but I do not know much about them- I have never heard of the 3 Communicative Modes15. Please rate the following concerns about teaching U.S. students:Not a concern for me An occasional concern for me A moderate concern for me A great concern forme- Using the target language during my instruction- Motivating students to use the target language- Getting students to care about my class- Creating interesting activities for my students- Talking to a student who is not behaving in class- Using technology in my lessons- Getting students to participate in small group activities- Creating an integrated performance-based assessment- Evaluating a performance-based assessment- Talking to a parent/guardian about a student’s grade16. What do you hope to learn/gain from this StarTalk workshop?17. What do you hope to gain from an online community?APPENDIX B POST-TEACHING SIMULATION GROUP INTERVIEW1. Why did you choose your lesson theme or topic?What kinds of activities did you plan?How were they learner-centered?How did your activities connect with the standards?Did you connect with the 21 st Century Skills? How?Did you incorporate any technology?2. What worked well during your instruction? Why do you think it worked well?3. What did not work so well during your instruction? Why do you think it didn’t work well?4. What would you do differently the next time you try these kinds of activities?5. How did you gauge student comprehension?6. What did you learn about yourself as a teacher?7. What did you learn about U.S. students?8. Were your objectives met? Why, or why not?9. Overall, how do you feel about the lesson(s) you taught?Day 1: Moving toward learner-centerednessAPPENDIX C ONLINE DISCUSSION PROMPTS© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
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Call for Papers and Special Issue P
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(Contents Continued from Back Cover
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