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1004 THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANGUAGE STUDIES6) Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.7) While running down the stairs,I heard the clock strike twelve.8) It would be wise to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.9) A teaching symposium will be held in the school hall at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.10) It is uncertain whether he could come.11) Wenwen liked his misunderstanding of her refusal, and this made her relax a little.12) We must firmly implement the guidelines and decisions adopted by this meeting.13) Literature and art are subordinate to politics, but in their turn exert a great influence on politics.14) I feel that the sweeping cars are too ruthless; they regard the fallen leaves as rubbish, somewhat inhumane.15) I think it a pity that you didn’t try harder.16) a. To do the same thing every day he finds it unbearable.b. He finds it unbearable to do the same thing every day.c. He finds to do the same thing every day unbearable.17) A shadow sweeps across my eyes and my memory draws me back to a dusk over ten years ago.18) Summer gives man various kinds of tests, training their patience, wisdom and alertness.19) Scientific research is an important means of understanding the world and at the same time serves as thefoundation of technological progress.20) Modesty makes people make progress, while (and) pride makes people lose behind.21) It’s better to be prepared than unprepared for everything.22) How a computer works will be explained in detail at the next lecture.23) Some people think that boys are cleverer than girls. This is not necessarily the case, however.24) The world won’t end even if we fail a hundred times. As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll succeed in the end.25) Over the past ten years, with joint efforts a big progress has been made in graduate education in China.26) After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits with trembling fingers.27) I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our Englishevening.28) You should make the payment right after the goods are delivered.29) Adopting this method, we have improved our efficiency in English learning.30) When we start doesn’t matter. The most important thing is that we should make good preparations for it.REFERENCES[1] Corder, S. P. (1971). Introducing Applied Linguistics. New York: Penguin Books.[2] Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.[3] James, C. (1980). Contrastive Analysis. London: Longman.[4] James, C. (2001). Errors in Language Learning and Use: Exploring Error Analysis. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press.[5] Karashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practices of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.[6] Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across Cultures. Annarbor: University Of Michigan Press[7] Lian Shuneng. (2010). Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese. Beijing: Higher Education Press.[8] Odlin, T. (2001). Language Transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign LanguageEducation Press.[9] Richards, J. (1974). Error Analysis: Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition. London: Longman.[10] Swain, M. (1985) Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in itsdevelopment. In Gass, S. and Madden, C. (Eds.), Input in Second Language Acquisition, pp. 235-256. New York: NewburyHouse.[11] Taylor, B. P. (1975). Adult language learning strategies and their pedagogical implications. TESOL Qarterly 9, 391-99.[12] Xiao Liming. (2002). English-Chinese Comparative Study and Translation. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language EducationPress.[13] Yu Liming. (2004). Language Transfer and Second Language Acquisition. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPress.[14] Wilss, W. (1996). Knowledge and Skills in Translator Behavior, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins.Hui Ni was born in Heze, Shandong, China in 1982. She received her M.A. degree in (English) pedagogy from Bohai University,China in 2009.She is currently an assistant in the School of foreign languages, Heze University, Heze, China. Her research interests includecontrastive teaching and literary criticism. She has published many research papers in domestic magazines. E.g. A Contrastive Studyon Images of Woman between Chinese and Western Traditional Cultures (Qufu, Shandong: Modern Chinese, 2011).© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
ISSN 1799-2591Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 1005-1008, June 2013© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland.doi:10.4304/tpls.3.6.1005-1008Death Mask of LucyDingming WangEnglish Department of Literature and Law School of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, ChinaDini ZhangEnglish Department of Literature and Law School of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, ChinaAbstract—As a great poet, William Wordsworth describes the death in many poems. Among them, Lucypoems are in a special group. They are not only poems concerning death but also love too. From a specialperspective of lover, the poet describes five aspects concerning death: premonition of death, influence of death,meaning of death, attitude towards death, and significance of death. With these aspects, the poems revealWordsworth’s contemplation of death. In addition, they justify that William Wordsworth practice his ownpoetics: the feeling therein developed gives importance to the action and situation, and emphasize thesubjectivity of human being.Index Terms—wordsworth, death, Lucy poemsWilliam Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early Romanticism, was born in 1770. He greatly admired Nature,and emphasized imagination. His mother died when he was only eight. His father followed her six years later. Thetragic experience in his children gives influence to his life. Poems concern about the theme of death. The Lucy poemsare among those ones. The Lucy poems are a series of five poems written by Wordsworth during the year 1798 and1801. The Lucy poems include “Strange fits of passion have I known”, “She dwelt among the untrodden ways”, “Itravelled among unknown men”, “Three years she grew in sun and shower”, and “A slumber did my spirit seal”.William Wordsworth wrote the poem during a short stay while he lived in Germany. In these poems, Wordsworthidealized a character of Lucy who died young. In Lucy poems, the death theme repeatedly appears and helps tounderstand the poetic of William Wordsworth.In ancient Rome, the Romans kept the death masks of their forefathers as a way of remembering them (Stokstad,1995, p.243). The death mask is made of wax. In Lucy poems, Wordsworth tries many ways to build a death mask ofLucy, as a special method of remembering a lady in his mind. Though some evidence may prove that Lucy in “Threeyears she grew” is Dorothy, Pipion also argues that Lucy poems are written under the inspiration of thoughts by MaryHutchinson (Pipion, 1988, p.100-105). As Ferguson points out, though Lucy is the central figure in these poems, it isquite strange that “Lucy’s voice is nonexistent in the poems” and, when she is about to speak, “she is silenced withdeath” (Ross, 1986, p.397). There is only the voice of I, the narrator of the poem. From feminism perspective, Rosscriticizes that Wordsworth retains and intensifies masculine desire by killing Lucy, and, in relationship with Lucy, hedeprives Lucy’s needs and desires and keeps his needs and desires as the whole (Ross, 1986, p.399). Though theidentity of Lucy and the purpose of these poems are in debating, it is clear that Lucy poems are filled with evidence oflove and concern of death. Different from other poems about death of Wordsworth, like “We are seven”, from aperspective of a lover, five aspects concerning death can be traced from the text: premonition of death, influence ofdeath, meaning of death, attitude towards death, and significance of death. Each poem represents one aspect. From thesepoems, the worldview and the thought of death of Wordsworth are revealed little by little. Also, from them, it can findsome evidence to justify that Wordsworth practices his poetics in his poetry, and gives emphasis to subjectivity, animportant character of Romanticism.The Lucy poems are in ballad measure, four-lined stanzas of alternating tetrameter and trimeter, rhyming abab. Theyare: “Strange fits of passion have I known”, “She dwelt among the untrodden ways”, “Three years she grew”, “Aslumber did my spirit seal”, and “I traveled among unknown men”. Except the last one, all poems were written in 1799,when Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, were in Germany. The winter in Goslar was severe, and Wordsworth hadnothing to do except writing poems. In this period, Wordsworth wrote some early important poems, such as Lucy lyrics,and narrative description of boyhood experiences (skating, the “stolen” boat, episode, “Nutting”) (Pipion, 1984, p.34).Under such kind of circumstance, Wordsworth gave his poems the thought about life; Lucy poems are his thoughtsabout death at that time. Though his mother died early, his first sight of a drawn man at Esthwaite was somewhat near.He was not yet nine years old at that time. He thought he was lack of fear because he looked at such sights in the fairyworld of romance (Pipion, 1988, p.3). But the Wordsworth in Goslar is quite different from the young boy. He wasgrowing into maturity, and had much experience about life. As Williams points out that Goslar is “the crucible ofWordsworth modernity” (Pipion, 1988, p.103), Wordsworth was at a turning point in his life.In Lucy poems, there are some aspects of death. When they are put together, a death mask of Lucy, an imaginarylady in Wordsworth’s mind, appears in the mind of the reader, like the death masks of Roman ancestors. It is thememory of Lucy. On the other hand, it is clear that Lucy poems are love poems because it can find evidence in the© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
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