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924 THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANGUAGE STUDIESDerived from the above structure‟s analysis, Chomsky‟s X-bar theory about both the lexical phrases and functionalcategory are clearly shown in the above graph.Once a sentence is ambiguous, it must have two or more different phrasal hierarchical structures in the structuregraphs analyzed by X-bar theory. Another example is taken to show where the ambiguity takes place:(6) He gives me a hot evening drink.(6)‟ab.For example (6), in NP (a hot evening drink), whether Adj (hot) is related to N (evening) or N (drink) leads toambiguity. The S-structure of the NP (a hot evening drink) indicates the Adj (hot) has two hierarchical positions: one isthe sister of NP in (6)‟a and the other is the sister of N in (6)‟b. It is the Adj‟s two hierarchical positions suggested bythe NP‟ S-structure that produces ambiguity. The ambiguity is caused by Adi so it is called AdjP ambiguity.It is concluded that, by X-bar theory and Structure-dependency, where an ambiguity occurs is in a phrase, and inS-structure the unit that suggests more than one hierarchical position in D-structure is a phrase. Hence ambiguity can becategorized into NP ambiguity, VP ambiguity (including non-finite verb) PP ambiguity Adj ambiguity, Adv ambiguityand clause ambiguity.III. CONCLUSIONFrom the above comparison, it can be safely drawn that sentence component analysis (also called traditional grammaranalysis) is widely used in ambiguity teaching to prove the presence of ambiguity in a forceful way, however, teachershave to previously resort to tuitions and traditional grammar to foretell ambiguity before analyzing it. In addition to that,the analysis is superficial in a linear order. IC analysis not only proves the existence of ambiguity, but indicates thepossibility of ambiguity and the number of the D-structures to which an S-structure can be traced back. IC analysis isthus more effective than sentence component analysis. But neither of them can tell the reason why ambiguity is turnedout, what the generative mechanism of ambiguity is and how ambiguity is generated. Chomskyan TG grammar deeplydiscovers the cause and generative mechanism of ambiguity's appearance through the movement from D-structure to© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANGUAGE STUDIES 925S-structure besides telling the presence and number of ambiguity.REFERENCES[1] Adger, D. (2003). Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.[2] Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press,[3] Herndon, J.H. (1976). Survey of Modern Grammars. New York: Harcourt College Publishers.[4] Kaplan, A. (1989). An Experimental Study of an Ambiguity and Context. New York: New York Press.[5] Kilby and Roca. (1982). Foundations of General Linguistics. London: Unwin Hyman.[6] Lyons, J. (2000). Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.[7] Ouhalla, J. (2001). Introducing Transformational Grammar: From Principles and Parameters to Minimalism. Beijing: ForeignLanguage Teaching and Research.[8] Radford, A. (1981). Transformational Syntax: A Student‟s Guide to Chomsky‟s Extended Standard Theory. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.[9] Radford, A. (1997). Syntactic Theory and the Structure of English: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.[10] Eugene O. Winter. (1977). "A clause-relational approach to English texts: A study of some predictive lexical items in writtendiscourse", Instructional Science. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00125597 (accessed 29/2/3013).Fangfang Ding was born in Chongqing, China in 1980. She received her MA degree in English linguistics from the SouthwestUniversity in 2009.She is currently a lecturer in Sichuan Agricultural University Sichuan, China. Her research interests include cognitive linguisticsand second language acquisition.© 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
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