Development of hot-melt extrusion as a novel technique for the ...

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1.8 Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this research study is to develop HME as an efficient technique for theformulation of various oral solid dosage forms with the aim of increasing the dissolution rate ofsome poorly soluble model APIs (i.e ibuprofen, indomethacin, famotidine) via the formation ofsolid dispersions. Also the evaluation of taste masking efficiency (in vivo and in vitro) ofdifferent polymeric matrices (via intermolecular hydrogen bonding) as well as characterizing allpossible intermolecular interactions in the solid dispersions has been prioritised as second aim ofthis research.1.9 References1. Kalivoda A, Fischbach M, Kleinebudde P. Application of mixtures of polymeric carriersfor dissolution enhancement of oxeglitazar using hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm. 2012;439(1-2):145-56.2. Repka MA, Shah S, Lu J, Maddineni S, Morott J, Patwardhan K, Mohammed NN. Meltextrusion: process to product. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9(1):105-25.3. Repka MA, Majumdar S, Kumar Battu S, Srirangam R, Upadhye SB. Applications of hotmeltextrusion for drug delivery. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5(12):1357-76.4. Repka MA, Battu SK, Upadhye SB, Thumma S, Crowley MM, Zhang F, Martin C,McGinity JW. Pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion: Part II. Drug Dev IndPharm 2007; (10):1043-57.5. Kolter K, Karl M, Gryczke A. Hot-melt extrusion with BASF Pharma polymers,Extrusion Compendium (2 nd edition), BASF Germany. 2012.6. Crowley MM, Thumma S, Updhye SB. Pharmaceutical applications of hot melt extrusion:part- I. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2007; 33(9):909-26.7. James S. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology. 2004; 3rd Ed (3); P-20.8. Andrews GP and Jones DS. Formulation and Characterization of Hot Melt ExtrudedDosage Forms: Challenges and Opportunities. Cheminform 2010; 41(43).9. Breitenbach J. Melt extrusion: from process to drug delivery technology. Eur J PharmBiopharm 2002; 54:107–117.10. Andrews GP, David S, Osama AM, Daniel NM, Mark.S. Hot Melt Extrusion: AnEmerging Drug Delivery Technology. Pharm Tech Europe 2009; 21 (1):24-27.11. Follonier N, Doelker E, Cole ET. Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion as a new technique forthe production of polymerbased pellets for sustained release capsules containing highloadings of freely soluble drugs. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1994; 20(8):1323-133.13 | P a g e
12. Gryczke A. Melt Extrusion with EUDRAGIT® Solubility Enhancement ModifiedRelease. Degussa. RÖHM GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt. 2006-06-13.13. Chokshi R, Zia H. Hot-Melt Extrusion Technique: A Review. I J Pharm Res 2004; 3: 3-16.14. Whelan T, Dunning D (Eds.). The Dynisco Extrusion Processors Handbook 1st ed.,London School of Polymer Technology 1988, Polytechnic of North London, London.15. Andrews GP, Margetson DN, Jones DS, McAllister SM, Diak OA. A basic Guide: HotmeltExtrusion. UKICRS 2008;13.16. White JL. Twin Screw Extrusion: Technology and Principles. Hanser/ GardnerPublications Inc. 1991; Cincinnati, Ohio. ISBN 1-56990-109-0.17. http://www.pharinfo.net/reviews/melt granulation techniques/reviews.18. McGnity JW, KOleng JJ. Preparation and Evaluation of Rapid Release Granules UsingNovel Melt Extrusion Technique. AAPS.2004; 153-54.19. Jones DS. Engineering Drug Delivery Using Polymer Extrusion/Injection MouldingTechnologies. Sch Pharm 2008; 4-9: 18-27.20. Grunhagen HH, Muller O. Melt extrusion technology. Pharm Manu Int 1995; 1: 167–170.21. Singhal S, Lohar VK, Arora V. Hot-melt extrusion technique. WebmedCentral Pharm Sci2011; 2(1): 00145922. Mollan M. Historical overview, in: I. Ghebre-Sellassie, C. Martin (Eds.), PharmaceuticalExtrusion Technology, CRC Press 2003; 1–18.23. Senouci A, Smith A, Richmond A. Extrusion cooking, Chem. Eng 1985; 417: 30–33.24. Sebestyen E. Problems of grains preservation in storage facilities. Flour ani feed mill1974; 10: 24–25.25. Wedlock DJ, Wijngaarden DV. Fast dispersing solid PVP-containing crop protectionformulation and process therefore, US Patent 1992; 5: 665,369.26. Litvinov VM, Guns S, Adriaensens P, Scholtens BJ, Quaedflieg MP, Carleer R, Van denMooter G. Solid State Solubility of Miconazole in Poly[(ethylene glycol)-g-vinyl alcohol]Using Hot-Melt Extrusion. Mol Pharm. 2012; 9(10):2924-32.27. Morales JO, McConville JT. Manufacture and characterization of mucoadhesive buccalfilms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:187–199.28. M. Repka, M. Munjal, M. Elsohly, S. Ross. Temperature stability and bioadhesiveproperties of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol incorporated hydroxypropylcellulose polymermatrix systems, Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006; 32: 21–32.14 | P a g e
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION“I certify that this w
Page 6 and 7: taste masking effect of the process
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER 2: DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT
Page 10 and 11: 3.2 Powder and ODT characterization
Page 12 and 13: 3.7 In vitro drug release profiles
Page 15: 3.1 Solubility parameters and extru
Page 18 and 19: polymers.7.2 DSC findings of all AP
Page 20 and 21: 2.4b Diffractograms of FMT formulat
Page 22 and 23: 4.3 Schematic representation of the
Page 24 and 25: 55 exrudates (b) DPD/L100-55 PM (c)
Page 26 and 27: 8.5d A plot of the logarithm of HCS
Page 28 and 29: L100Eudragit L100L100-55 Eudragit L
Page 30 and 31: Maniruzzaman M, Rai D, Boateng JS.
Page 32 and 33: Maniruzzaman M, Boateng JS, Bonnefi
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.0 Backgrou
Page 36 and 37: Table 1.1: HME and other convention
Page 38 and 39: homogenize but also compress the ex
Page 40 and 41: properties of polymers and excipien
Page 42 and 43: particles‘ wettability [46] . A v
Page 44 and 45: Table 1.2: Different hot-melt extru
Page 48 and 49: 29. Zheng X, Yang R, Tang X and Zhe
Page 50 and 51: 56. International Conference on Har
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 2: DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT
Page 54 and 55: Fdid ,Vi F2pip , p( Ehi/ ViVi )i =
Page 56 and 57: used. Each sample was scanned from
Page 58 and 59: Furthermore, by means of thermodyna
Page 60 and 61: 3.2 Particle size morphology and pa
Page 62 and 63: Fig. 2.4a: Diffractograms of INM fo
Page 64 and 65: However, the DSC thermograms of the
Page 66 and 67: Fig. 2.5b: DSC thermograms of INM a
Page 68 and 69: Fig. 2.5e: DSC thermograms of FMT a
Page 70 and 71: Nevertheless, more than 80% FMT was
Page 72 and 73: 6. Caron V, Tajber L, Corrigan OI,
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATI
Page 76 and 77: 2.2 Hot-Melt extrusionHot-melt extr
Page 78 and 79: Committee of the University of Gree
Page 80 and 81: The PM of formulation II (40% IBU)
Page 82 and 83: Fig. 3.3: DSC thermograms of pure I
Page 84 and 85: As a general rule, the powder compr
Page 86 and 87: Fig. 3.4: Schematic diagram of ODT
Page 88 and 89: Fig. 3.5: Schematic diagram of ODTs
Page 90 and 91: Fig. 3.7: Schematic diagram of ODTs
Page 92 and 93: F2 0 0.5 0 1 0 1F6 0 0.5 0 1 0 2F7
Page 94 and 95: 6. M.F. Al-Omran, S.A. Al-Suwayeh,
Page 96 and 97:
30. L. Saerens, L. Dierickx, B. Len
Page 98 and 99:
leading to significant variations w
Page 100 and 101:
2.6. In vitro drug release studiesI
Page 102 and 103:
v2d 2p(4.1)Table 4.1: Calculated so
Page 104 and 105:
The observed melting peaks are shif
Page 106 and 107:
Fig. 4.2a: Powder XRPD patterns of
Page 108 and 109:
Interestingly, no difference was ob
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7 Astree sensors Taste masking effi
Page 112 and 113:
The in vitro e-tongue evaluation wa
Page 114 and 115:
3. K. Woertz, C. Tissen, P. Kleineb
Page 116 and 117:
25. B.C. Hancock, P. York, R.C. Row
Page 118 and 119:
CHAPTER 5: AN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Page 120 and 121:
(dispersion forces and polarization
Page 122 and 123:
Table 5.1: Sample preparation for t
Page 124 and 125:
Table 5.2: Solubility parameters ca
Page 126 and 127:
Physical mixtures (PM) and extruded
Page 128 and 129:
Fig. 5.2c: Thermograms of CTZ and V
Page 130 and 131:
masking effect for active concentra
Page 132 and 133:
Fig. 5.5b: Distance and discriminat
Page 134 and 135:
Table 5.4: Mean standard deviation
Page 136 and 137:
Fig. 5.6b: Release profiles of VRP
Page 138 and 139:
17. Woertz K,Tissen C, Kleinebudde
Page 140 and 141:
scale or lower. XPS is more accurat
Page 142 and 143:
patterns were identified after ener
Page 144 and 145:
3.3 Differential scanning calorimet
Page 146 and 147:
Fig. 6.3a: Diffractograms of PRP fo
Page 148 and 149:
good agreement with the anticipated
Page 150 and 151:
Since L100 contained higher proport
Page 152 and 153:
at ~533.01 eV is the combination of
Page 154 and 155:
Finally, the XPS analysis confirmed
Page 156 and 157:
Fig. 6.6b: 1 H NMR spectra of all P
Page 158 and 159:
6) Bonferoni, M.C.; Rossi, S.; Ferr
Page 160 and 161:
26) Vandencasteele, N.; Reniers, F.
Page 162 and 163:
Gibbs free energy change before and
Page 164 and 165:
2.5 Hot-melt extrusion (HME) proces
Page 166 and 167:
2.11 X-ray photoelectron spectrosco
Page 168 and 169:
Table 7.2: DSC findings of all APIs
Page 170 and 171:
3.4 In vivo and in vitro taste mask
Page 172 and 173:
Fig. 7.3c: Normalised DI (%) of all
Page 174 and 175:
Table 7.4: Binding energy calculati
Page 176 and 177:
PRP/ polymers extruded in compariso
Page 178 and 179:
atom as NH + 4 . This observed N 1s
Page 180 and 181:
8.0 ConclusionsThe presence of inte
Page 182 and 183:
20. Davies MC, Wilding IR, Short RD
Page 184 and 185:
CHAPTER 8: SUSTAINED RELEASE HYDROC
Page 186 and 187:
2.3 Preparation of formulation blen
Page 188 and 189:
medium pH was maintained as 1.2 by
Page 190 and 191:
Fig. 8.1: SEM images of [(a), (b)]
Page 192 and 193:
Fig. 8.2b: DSC transitions of HCS/E
Page 194 and 195:
in the range of 10-12 kP. However,
Page 196 and 197:
ate and time on the basis of Eq. (8
Page 198 and 199:
Fig. 8.5c: A plot of the cubic root
Page 200 and 201:
when n > 0.89. From the results of
Page 202 and 203:
14. Lam PL, Lee KKH,Wong RSM, Cheng
Page 204 and 205:
Furthermore, HME has successfully b
Page 206 and 207:
Supp. Fig. 2: XPS O 1s peaks for PR
Page 208 and 209:
Supp. Fig. 4: O 1s BE peaks for L10
Page 210 and 211:
8.2 s 6.2 s 3.8 s 1.8 s 200 msS
Page 212 and 213:
12.2 s 9.0 s 6.2 s 3.8 s 1.8 s
Page 214 and 215:
Supplementary table 1: Solubility p
Page 216 and 217:
N = 55000/ 219.2 = 250.912Density:
Page 218 and 219:
(4) Eudragit L100, N = (125000/202
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