FMI 3-34.119 - Soldier Support Institute - U.S. Army

Appendix BB-23. At the corps level, the guardrail common sensor (GRCS) is the organic collection system. This is anairborne collection system mounted in an RC-12 fixed-wing aircraft. It is capable of both COMINT andELINT collection and direction finding and can provide targetable locations of emitters. With coordination,division intelligence sections can receive the data collection from GRCS in near real time. Units at lowerechelons can request intelligence products and data derived from GRCS missions.B-24. Division and corps sections also have access to joint and national SIGINT data via the DivisionTactical Exploitation System (DTES) and the Tactical Exploitation System (TES). These systems providedetection and locations of emitters as well as imagery download and exploitation capability. When dealingwith the IED fight, tactical SIGINT can―• Determine hostile plans, intent, and objectives.• Give indications and warnings of impending enemy activities including IED attacks.• Identify hostile personnel and links between such persons and organizations.• Provide indications of popular sentiment and reactions to specific friendly and enemy actions.• Identify and provide at least general locations of emitters associated with IED attacks in order tocue other collection assets, such as HUMINT.B-25. In a counterinsurgency environment, SIGINT is not as prolific of a collection discipline asHUMINT. The unstructured nature of nonmilitary and insurgent communications and the lack of signaturedevices, as well as the urban environment common in such fights, make SIGINT collection lessimmediately targetable than in a major combat operation. However, it does have some advantages. In termsof content, since the subject is not aware of being listened to, it can be a better indicator of true feelingsand intent than even a reliable HUMINT source who is aware of the impact of the words of the subject onthe collector. It also provides 24/7 operation capability. Finally, once identified, known enemy emitters canbe readily monitored every time they activate, and the information provided to analysts is in near real time.IMAGERY INTELLIGENCEB-26. See FM 2-0 and ST 2-50 for imagery intelligence. IMINT is derived from the exploitation ofimagery collected by visual photography, infrared, lasers, multispectral sensors, and radar. These sensorsproduce images of objects optically, electronically, digitally on film, electronically on display devices orother media. There are a variety of imagery systems whose use or capability is available to the commanderin the IED fight. These systems include―• Ground surveillance radar. Ground surveillance radar (GSR) sections currently exist withinthe MI company of the BCT. In these sections, 96R Soldiers operate the PPS-5 (in heavy units)or PPS-15 (in light units) GSRs. These systems are capable of providing persistent surveillanceover an area of several square kilometers, through darkness, fog, and smoke, detecting andlocating personnel or vehicles moving in the search area. In the IED fight, these systems can beused to detect enemy personnel emplacing IEDs.• Unmanned aerial vehicles. UAVs provide optical and infrared imagery in real time to groundstations and, in some cases, over other broadcast systems. UAVs allow the commander toactually see beyond the line of sight of his own units. The advantage of UAVs is that theyprovide data in a form very similar to what a Soldier or Marine would see with his own eyes,without risking a Soldier or Marine to do so, over extended distances. The main limitations ofUAVs are the weather, airspace control, the range and endurance of the system, and the limitedarea the system observes at any given time. Systems available in the IED fight include the―• Raven. A Raven is a small UAV operated at the battalion level, with a flight duration ofabout 60 minutes and a range of 12 kilometers. It provides electro-optical (daytime) andinfrared (nighttime) video imagery directly to a ground control terminal and one remoteterminal per system.• Shadow. A Shadow platoon is organic to each BCT. The system itself has a rated range of75 kilometers, an endurance of 4 hours, and has electro-optical and infrared sensors onboard. It provides imagery directly to one or more ground control stations, which can inB-6 FMI 3-34.119/MCIP 3-17.01 21 September 2005