Q ST QUA TAT ALIT US O TY IN OF W N IN WA NDIA ATER A- 2 R ...

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CHAPTER-IIWATER QUALITY MONITORING IN INDIA2.1 National Water Quality Monitoring ProgrammeThe Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has established a network of monitoring stations onaquatic resources across the country. The monitoring of water quality initiated during 1977-78 underGlobal Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) and gradually increased the network to cover allthe aquatic resources. The year wise growth of monitoring network is depicted in Graph 2.1.Graph 2. 1: Year Wise Growth of Monitoring NetworkNO OF MONITORING STATIONS25002000150010005000YEAR WISE GROWTH OF MONITORING NETWORK18294367737489120136168200310400450480480480480480480507507507784784784784870101910321245142977-7878-7979-8080-8181-8282-8383-8484-8585-8686-8787-8888-8989-9090-9191-9292-9393-9494-9595-9696-9797-9898-9999-0000-0101-0202-0303-0404-0505-0606-0707-0808-0909-1010-1111-12YEAR170020002500Objectives of Water Quality MonitoringThe preamble of Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1974 stated that pollutioncontrol board both at States and Central level to restore and maintain the wholesomeness ofwater bodies in India.Water quality monitoring is therefore an imperative prerequisite inorder to assess the extent of maintainance and restoration of water bodies.The water qualitymonitoring is performed with following main objectives in mind.‣ Rational planning of pollution control strategies and their prioritisation‣ To assess nature and extent of pollution control needed in different water bodies ortheir part‣ To evaluate effectiveness of pollution control measures already in existence‣ To evaluate water quality trend over a period of time‣ To assess assimilative capacity of a water body thereby reducing cost on pollutioncontrol‣ To understand the environmental fate of different pollutantsTo assess the fitness of water for different uses11
2.3 Monitoring Network, Parameters and FrequencyThe present network comprises of2500 stations in 28 States and 6 Union Territories spread over thecountry. The monitoring network covers 445 Rivers,154 Lakes, 12 Tanks, 78 Ponds, 41Creeks/Seawater, 25 Canals, 45 Drains, 10 Water Treatment Plant (Raw Water) and 807 Wells.Among the 2500 stations, 1275 are on rivers, 190 on lakes, 45 ondrains, 41 on canals, 12 ontanks, 41on creeks/ /seawater, 79on ponds, 10 Water Treatment Plant (Raw Water) and 807 aregroundwater stationss (Table 2.1) .Presently the inland water quality-monitoring network is operatedunder a three-tier programme i.e. . Global EnvironmentalMonitoring System (GEMS), Monitoringof Indiann National Aquatic Resources System (MINARS) and Yamuna Action Plan (YAP).Thewater samples are analysed for 9 core parameters and 19 general parameters.The monitoringagencies have also analysed the trace metals at few locations. The list of parameters identified underthe National Water Quality Monitoring Programme is given in Table 2.2. The monitoring is done onmonthly basis in surface waters comprising of Rivers, lakes, tanks, ponds, creeks/ /sea water, canals& drains and on halfyearly basiss in case of ground water. The frequency of monitoring stations ineach State/Union Territory is given in Table2.3.In the present report data on core parameters isincorporated for interpretation anddrawing inferences based on primary water quality criteria.Table- 2.1: Water Body Wise Number of StationsTYPE OF WATERBODIESRIVERSLAKESTANKSPONDSCANALSCREEKS/SEAWATERDRAINSWELLSWATER TREATMENTPLANTTOTALNUMBER OFWATER BODIES445154127825414580710NUMBER OFSTATIONS1275190127941414580710250012
Page 1: Monitoring of Indiann National Aqua
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTSExecutive SummaryPageI-XIII
Page 6 and 7: 9.1 Narmada River System9.2 Water Q
Page 8 and 9: PageChapter XIX Water Quality of La
Page 10 and 11: (E), Varuna, Sai, Gomti, Rapti, Sar
Page 12: Purna, Kanhan, Wena, Darna, Nira, P
Page 16 and 17: Tapi 10.0 16.0 Decreasing Vel 14.0
Page 18 and 19: KeralaOrissaJanunia Talab inMadhya
Page 20 and 21: Imphal, Kallai, Puzhackal, Venna &W
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER 1WATER AVAILABILITY, POLLUT
Page 24 and 25: 1.1.2 Industrial RequirementAnother
Page 26 and 27: Population Stress and water insecur
Page 28 and 29: industrial establishments and runof
Page 30 and 31: for different uses have been identi
Page 34 and 35: Table-2.2 List of Parametersunder N
Page 36 and 37: 2.4 State/UnionTerritory (UT) Level
Page 38 and 39: PUNJAB(TOTAL‐69)•RIVERS :38•L
Page 40 and 41: BOD, FC and TC whereas DO, pH and C
Page 42 and 43: whereas Conductivity, Nitrate, FC a
Page 44 and 45: environment. Water Quality (ground
Page 46 and 47: Conductivity, TC and FC is confirmi
Page 48 and 49: Table 2.5: SURFACE WATER- Percent V
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.7: RIVERS- Percent Violatio
Page 52 and 53: Table 2.9: PONDS- Percent Violation
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2: Water Quality Trend (BOD,
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.3: Water Quality Trend of
Page 62 and 63: Table 3.1: Water Quality in Indian
Page 64 and 65: Name of theRiverLength (Km)No of Mo
Page 70 and 71: 4.1 Indus River SystemCHAPTER IVWat
Page 72 and 73: FECAL COLIFORM (MPN/100ml)100001000
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.3: Water Quality of River
Page 76 and 77: 5.1 Ganga River SystemCHAPTER VWate
Page 78 and 79: 12WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA IN U
Page 80 and 81: FAECAL COLIFORM(MPN/100ml)100000100
Page 82 and 83:
TOTAL COLIFORM (MPN/100ml)100000010
Page 84 and 85:
CONDUCTIVITY (µmhos/cm)1000100101W
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 5.6: Water Quality of River
Page 88 and 89:
The availability of water in River
Page 90 and 91:
The low value of DO (0.0 mg/l) is o
Page 92 and 93:
CONDUCTIVITY (µmhos/cm)10000100010
Page 94 and 95:
Burhi Gandak, Harbora, Kamla, Manus
Page 96 and 97:
The Faecal Coliform value ranges fr
Page 98 and 99:
CHAPTER VIWater Quality of Rivers i
Page 100 and 101:
TOTAL COLIFORM(MPN/100ml)1000001000
Page 102 and 103:
CHAPTER VII7.1 Mahi River SystemWat
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TOTAL COLIFORM(MPN/100ml)100WATER Q
Page 106 and 107:
8.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Sab
Page 108 and 109:
presented as minimum, maximum and m
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CHAPTER X10.1 Tapi River SystemWate
Page 112 and 113:
The water quality of other tributar
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CHAPTER XIWater Quality of Rivers i
Page 116 and 117:
Conductivity, BOD, Nitrate +Nitrite
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100000WATER QUALITY OF RIVER MAHANA
Page 120 and 121:
100000WATER QUALITY OF RIVERR MAHAN
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER XIIWater Quality of Rivers
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
12.4 Water Quality of River Baitarn
Page 128 and 129:
CHAPTER XIIIWater Quality of Rivers
Page 130 and 131:
B.O.D. (mg/l)8.0WATER QUALITY OF RI
Page 132 and 133:
CHAPTER XIVWater Quality of Rivers
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
CHAPTER XVWater Quality of Rivers i
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
TOTAL COLIFORM (MPN/100ml)100001000
Page 145 and 146:
BOD ranges from 1.4 to 23.5 mg/l in
Page 147 and 148:
16.2.1 Water Quality ofRiver Penner
Page 149 and 150:
WATER QUALITY OF RIVER CAUVERY INKA
Page 151 and 152:
CONDUCTIVITY (µmhos/cm)10000100010
Page 153 and 154:
CHAPTER XVIIIWater Quality of Mediu
Page 155 and 156:
18.4 Water Quality of Medium and Mi
Page 157 and 158:
The water quality monitoring of Riv
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
18.8.1 Water Quality of Creeks and
Page 163 and 164:
19.1 Lantic Water BodiesCHAPTER XIX
Page 165 and 166:
DO varies from 0.4 mg/l to 14.3 mg/
Page 167 and 168:
(1.9 mg/l) & Surinsar Lake (2.2 mg/
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER XXAssessment of Groundwater
Page 171 and 172:
20.6 Status of Ground Water Quality
Page 173 and 174:
Paithan (4.0 mg/ l), TPS Durgapur (
Page 175 and 176:
varies from 356-1015 µmhos/cm and
Page 177 and 178:
SIRSA AT D/S NALAGARH DISTT.HIMACHA
Page 179 and 180:
KOSHI RIVER AT KURSHELA ATBIHAR2565
Page 181 and 182:
POINT OF OIL INDIA LTD.)2065 PAGLDI
Page 183 and 184:
TABLE 11.1 : - WATER QUALITY OF RIV
Page 185 and 186:
TABLE 13.1 :- WATER QUALITY OF RIVE
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2723RLY BDG, HINGANGHAT 0 0 4WENA A
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MULA AT HARRISON BRIDGE NEAR2194MAH
Page 191 and 192:
DAMANGANGA AT DAMAN JETTY, MOTI DAM
Page 193 and 194:
2293 R KADALUNDI AT HAJIRAPPALLY KE
Page 195 and 196:
0 0 8 8GHAGGAR AT U/S DHAKANSU NALL
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CHOUPATHY. 0 0 0 0 326. 29. 28.1928
Page 199 and 200:
25. 26. 26.1579 ALAPPUZHA KERALA5.6
Page 201 and 202:
BASKANDI POND INSIDE THE2225ASSAM 8
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22.283 286 285 2.7 3.4 3.051 5 3224
Page 205 and 206:
WELL AT ELOOR, KERALAKERALA26.1924
Page 207 and 208:
AKOT, AKOLA22. 7.82002MAHARASHTRA 2
Page 209 and 210:
OPPOSITE PRIVATE BUS STAND,7.12030A
Page 211 and 212:
1658NEAR RIVER KUSHABHADRA, PURI,OR
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