Q ST QUA TAT ALIT US O TY IN OF W N IN WA NDIA ATER A- 2 R ...

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5.1 Ganga River SystemCHAPTER VWater Quality of Rivers in Ganga BasinThe Ganga basin covers slightly more than one-fourth (26.3 per cent) of thecountry’s total geographical area, and is the biggest river basin. In India the basincovers the whole of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and the Union Territory ofDelhi and parts of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, MadhyaPradesh and West Bengal. The main river, rising in the northern most part ofUttarakhand, flows through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal and finallyfalls into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganga Basin is bound on the north by theHimalayas and on the south by the Vindhyas. The ridge between the Indussystem and the Ganga system, the Great desert of Rajasthan and the Aravalli hillsform the boundary on the west. After traversing a length of 1450 km inUttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh and 110 km in the boundary between U.P. andBihar the river then enters Bihar and flows 445 km more or less through themiddle of the State. The length of the river measured along the Bhagirathi and theHugli during its course in West Bengal is about 520 km.The Ganga has a large number of tributaries. Some of these are of Himalayanorigin having considerably large water wealth. The important tributaries withinIndia are the Kali, the Ramganga, the Yamuna, the Gomti, the Ghaghara, theGandak and the Kosi. The Yamuna although a tributary of the Ganga, is virtuallya river by itself. Its major tributaries are the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa andthe Ken. The main plateau tributaries of the Ganga are the Tons, the Son, theDamodar and the Kasai-Haldi.5.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Ganga BasinThe water quality monitoring of the River Ganga and its several tributaries arebeing done in the basin by the State Pollution Control Boards of Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan,Madhya Pradesh and Central Pollution Control Board at 242 locations. The rangesof water quality observed in rivers in Ganga Basin with respect to Temperature,pH, DO, Conductivity, BOD, Nitrate +Nitrite, Total Coliform (TC) and FaecalColiform (FC) are presented as minimum, maximum and mean value to assess theextent of water quality variation throughout the year.5.2.1 Water Quality of River GangaThe Water quality of River Ganga indicates that pH, conductivity and DO aremeeting the water quality criteria at majority of locations. pH ranges from 6.7–55
9.1. Dissolved Oxygen ranges from 4 to 14.3 mg/l. Conductivityranges from49-102400 µmhos/cm. High value of conductivity is observed at Diamond Harbour(10240 µmhos/cm) due to intrusion of seawater in the estuary.The BOD value ranges from 0.2-11 mg/l.The highest value of 111 mg/l of BOD isobserved at Haridwar D/s.Theother locations observed with maximum BOD levelexceeding the criteria are U/sVindhyachal; Kanpur U/s (Ranighat); Kanpur D/s(JajmauPumpingStation);KannaujU/s (Rajghat); Varanasi U/s(Assighat);Varanasi D/s (Malviya Bridge); Kannauj D/s; Howrah-Shivpur;A/cR.Song Nr SyanarayanTemple D/ /s Raiwala; Kachhla Ghat;Narora(Bulandsahar); U/s & D/s Anoopshahar; Allahabad (Rasoolabad); Uluberia;Garden Reach; Allahabad D/ /s (Sangam); Bithoor (Kanpur); Diamond Harbour;Dakshineshwar; Kadaghat, Allahabad; D/s Mirzapur; Garhmukteshwar; Trighat(Ghazipur); Dalmau (Rai Bareilly); Kala Kankar (Raebareli); Baharampore;UpperRiver D/s Roorkee; Nabadip and Serampore.The count of Faecal Coliform(FC) ranges from 5-11 x10 5 MPN/100ml whereasTotal Coliform (TC) ranges from 5-25 x10 5 MPN/100ml. The maximum TotalColiform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) level is not meeting the desired waterqualitycriteria at most of thelocations. The highest value of Total ColiformandFaecalColiformis observedat Dakshineshwar.TheconcentrationnofNitrate+Nitrite ranges from 0.02 -7.8 mg/ /l. The waterquality of River Gangaa withrespect to Temperature, pH,Conductivity, DO, BOD, Nitrite+ Nitrate, TotalColiforms (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) is given in Annexure-I(Table 5.1) ). Thestate-wise water quality status of mainstream of River Gangaa with respect toBOD,DO, Total Coliform, Faecal Coliform and Conductivity isgiven in Figure5.1 to 5.6.Figure 5.1: Water Quality of River Ganga in UttarakhandDO (mg/l)14.012.010.08.06.04.02.00.0MinMaxMeanGangotriAlkanandaB/C atRudraPrayag8.0 8.68.9 12.28.5 9.6WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA IN UTTARAKHAND‐ 2011MandakiniRudraPrayagAlkanandaA/C atRudraPrayag7.0 8.69.8 10.38.8 9.3AlkanandaB/C atDevPrayagBhagirathiB/C atDevPrayag7.7 7.611.4 9.89.1 8.6AlkanandaA/C at DevPrayagRishikeshU/S8.0 8.010.2 11.08.7 9.1D/SRaiwalaHaridwarD/ SD/SRoorkee5.2 4.26.411.0 8.88 10.47.8 6.78.356
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Monitoring of Indiann National Aqua
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CONTENTSExecutive SummaryPageI-XIII
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9.1 Narmada River System9.2 Water Q
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PageChapter XIX Water Quality of La
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(E), Varuna, Sai, Gomti, Rapti, Sar
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Purna, Kanhan, Wena, Darna, Nira, P
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Tapi 10.0 16.0 Decreasing Vel 14.0
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KeralaOrissaJanunia Talab inMadhya
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Imphal, Kallai, Puzhackal, Venna &W
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CHAPTER 1WATER AVAILABILITY, POLLUT
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1.1.2 Industrial RequirementAnother
Page 26 and 27: Population Stress and water insecur
Page 28 and 29: industrial establishments and runof
Page 30 and 31: for different uses have been identi
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER-IIWATER QUALITY MONITORING
Page 34 and 35: Table-2.2 List of Parametersunder N
Page 36 and 37: 2.4 State/UnionTerritory (UT) Level
Page 38 and 39: PUNJAB(TOTAL‐69)•RIVERS :38•L
Page 40 and 41: BOD, FC and TC whereas DO, pH and C
Page 42 and 43: whereas Conductivity, Nitrate, FC a
Page 44 and 45: environment. Water Quality (ground
Page 46 and 47: Conductivity, TC and FC is confirmi
Page 48 and 49: Table 2.5: SURFACE WATER- Percent V
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.7: RIVERS- Percent Violatio
Page 52 and 53: Table 2.9: PONDS- Percent Violation
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2: Water Quality Trend (BOD,
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.3: Water Quality Trend of
Page 62 and 63: Table 3.1: Water Quality in Indian
Page 64 and 65: Name of theRiverLength (Km)No of Mo
Page 70 and 71: 4.1 Indus River SystemCHAPTER IVWat
Page 72 and 73: FECAL COLIFORM (MPN/100ml)100001000
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.3: Water Quality of River
Page 78 and 79: 12WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA IN U
Page 80 and 81: FAECAL COLIFORM(MPN/100ml)100000100
Page 82 and 83: TOTAL COLIFORM (MPN/100ml)100000010
Page 84 and 85: CONDUCTIVITY (µmhos/cm)1000100101W
Page 88 and 89: The availability of water in River
Page 90 and 91: The low value of DO (0.0 mg/l) is o
Page 92 and 93: CONDUCTIVITY (µmhos/cm)10000100010
Page 94 and 95: Burhi Gandak, Harbora, Kamla, Manus
Page 96 and 97: The Faecal Coliform value ranges fr
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER VIWater Quality of Rivers i
Page 100 and 101: TOTAL COLIFORM(MPN/100ml)1000001000
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER VII7.1 Mahi River SystemWat
Page 104 and 105: TOTAL COLIFORM(MPN/100ml)100WATER Q
Page 106 and 107: 8.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Sab
Page 108 and 109: presented as minimum, maximum and m
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER X10.1 Tapi River SystemWate
Page 112 and 113: The water quality of other tributar
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER XIWater Quality of Rivers i
Page 116 and 117: Conductivity, BOD, Nitrate +Nitrite
Page 118 and 119: 100000WATER QUALITY OF RIVER MAHANA
Page 120 and 121: 100000WATER QUALITY OF RIVERR MAHAN
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER XIIWater Quality of Rivers
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12.4 Water Quality of River Baitarn
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CHAPTER XIIIWater Quality of Rivers
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B.O.D. (mg/l)8.0WATER QUALITY OF RI
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CHAPTER XIVWater Quality of Rivers
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Figure 14.2: Water Quality of River
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CHAPTER XVWater Quality of Rivers i
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TOTAL COLIFORM (MPN/100ml)100001000
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BOD ranges from 1.4 to 23.5 mg/l in
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16.2.1 Water Quality ofRiver Penner
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WATER QUALITY OF RIVER CAUVERY INKA
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CONDUCTIVITY (µmhos/cm)10000100010
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CHAPTER XVIIIWater Quality of Mediu
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18.4 Water Quality of Medium and Mi
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The water quality monitoring of Riv
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18.8.1 Water Quality of Creeks and
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19.1 Lantic Water BodiesCHAPTER XIX
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DO varies from 0.4 mg/l to 14.3 mg/
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(1.9 mg/l) & Surinsar Lake (2.2 mg/
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CHAPTER XXAssessment of Groundwater
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20.6 Status of Ground Water Quality
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Paithan (4.0 mg/ l), TPS Durgapur (
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varies from 356-1015 µmhos/cm and
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SIRSA AT D/S NALAGARH DISTT.HIMACHA
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KOSHI RIVER AT KURSHELA ATBIHAR2565
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POINT OF OIL INDIA LTD.)2065 PAGLDI
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TABLE 11.1 : - WATER QUALITY OF RIV
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TABLE 13.1 :- WATER QUALITY OF RIVE
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2723RLY BDG, HINGANGHAT 0 0 4WENA A
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MULA AT HARRISON BRIDGE NEAR2194MAH
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DAMANGANGA AT DAMAN JETTY, MOTI DAM
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2293 R KADALUNDI AT HAJIRAPPALLY KE
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0 0 8 8GHAGGAR AT U/S DHAKANSU NALL
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CHOUPATHY. 0 0 0 0 326. 29. 28.1928
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25. 26. 26.1579 ALAPPUZHA KERALA5.6
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BASKANDI POND INSIDE THE2225ASSAM 8
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22.283 286 285 2.7 3.4 3.051 5 3224
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WELL AT ELOOR, KERALAKERALA26.1924
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AKOT, AKOLA22. 7.82002MAHARASHTRA 2
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OPPOSITE PRIVATE BUS STAND,7.12030A
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1658NEAR RIVER KUSHABHADRA, PURI,OR
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