In the 1930's, Du Plessis wrote three articles on the political theory <strong>of</strong> John Calvin in the Dutchmagazine "Anti-Revolutionary Statecraft" (published in Holland). It is very significant to me thatthe right-wing Schilder-ians in, Holland today, look to the South African Pr<strong>of</strong>essor du Plessis asone <strong>of</strong> the greatest and brightest lights in the world as regards the development <strong>of</strong> CalvinisticStatecraft.Here are some excerpts from what Du Plessis wrote on what he would call a pure Calvinist <strong>The</strong>ory<strong>of</strong> the State. He gives a sketch as to the calling <strong>of</strong> political government in the field <strong>of</strong> theenforcement <strong>of</strong> the Ten Commandments. He says that the State is explicitly responsible for thepromotion <strong>of</strong> the external service <strong>of</strong> God, the defence <strong>of</strong> the pure doctrine and the regulation <strong>of</strong> theChurch, the regulation <strong>of</strong> society, and the maintenance <strong>of</strong> civil righteousness and social peace etc.Both the public religious aspects <strong>of</strong> interrelationship between Christians as well as between humanbeings in general, and the promotion <strong>of</strong> honesty and modesty, must be furthered by the State.However, that is not to say, continues Du Plessis, that the State can ever take the place <strong>of</strong> theChurch or <strong>of</strong> Society. Nor does this mean that the State is ever to be subjected to churchprescriptions.After all, the State is normally limited to, and is only normed by, the Law -- viz. the political aspect<strong>of</strong> the Ten Commandments in both <strong>of</strong> its Tables; because the Law <strong>of</strong> the Ten Commandments, saysDu Plessis, formulates the generally human 'natural equity' -- to secure it for all people. <strong>The</strong>constitutional and political application <strong>of</strong> all this, however, is partially determined by the changingcircumstances <strong>of</strong> each nation and country.<strong>The</strong> Mosaic Legislation as a whole, says Du Plessis, consists <strong>of</strong> naturally legal and <strong>of</strong> positivelylegal (ceremonial and judicial) elements. It is especially the first which have permanent application.In other words, that is the general equity <strong>of</strong> the civil law which is still to be applied today. <strong>The</strong>criterion <strong>of</strong> all <strong>of</strong> this is to be found, he tells us, in the Mosaic Law -- and in the extent to which theMosaic Law and especially its natural legal kernel can be implemented in society today, where thepeople are at.He then points out that the First Commandment <strong>of</strong> the Decalogue forbids idolatry -- but alsodemands, according to Scripture and to Natural Law in its political application, that those whooppose the true religion be punished. It includes the maintenance <strong>of</strong> the authority <strong>of</strong> the Preacher,and the punishment <strong>of</strong> public false doctrine -- even punishment unto death, he tells us.He says that not to punish thus would leave false doctrine in a position to be able to threaten truelaw and order in its very foundations. Yet a crime consisting <strong>of</strong> godlessness is only punishable inthose cases where the true religion has not only been accepted by public opinion and by votingreferenda <strong>of</strong> the citizens, but is also supported by definite and unimpeachable witnesses beyond alldoubt.For the rest, the authorities are called upon to protect truth against error and superstition by thesword. In a properly ordained state or political situation, godless people (by whom true religion canbe subverted) must absolutely not be tolerated.As regards the implementation <strong>of</strong> the State's recognition <strong>of</strong> the First Commandment (whichremains the goal) -- the rate <strong>of</strong> implementation depends upon the people's readiness, by way <strong>of</strong>referenda, to accept this and to submit to it. Only when they have done this, explains Du Plessis,does it become a crime. Of course it is a sin -- all along! But it only becomes a crime -- when
through constitutional process it has been established as such within the nation concerned.However, he goes on to say, pride and deliberate resistance against ecclesiastical authority is also tobe punished. As a State, one is to move against this -- in the Name <strong>of</strong> God. Even those who wouldmislead people privately unto apostasy from God, need to be punished. But, always only providedthat the true religion has been publicly and constitutionally acknowledged in the State -- and whenthe transgression <strong>of</strong> this true religion bears a revolutionary character.<strong>The</strong>se punishments, says Du Plessis, are to apply -- not only in respect <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial people andprivate people, but also in respect <strong>of</strong> whole cities and nations which make themselves guilty <strong>of</strong>apostasy from God. <strong>The</strong>y are even to be directed against partial corruption <strong>of</strong> the purity <strong>of</strong> the truereligion -- especially in connection with fortune-telling and such kinds <strong>of</strong> phenomena.Finally, the First Commandment, says Du Plessis, demands that God shall be honoured by theauthorities. Even in war, He is to be completely trusted and acknowledged -- in all public affairs.<strong>The</strong> Second Commandment demands that all images and false ceremonies shall be removed inreligion, by the State, in the public sector. Further, the death penalty is to be applied to those thatworship images -- wherever it occurs involving a member <strong>of</strong> a religious community committed tothe true religion.As the Third Commandment dealing with blasphemy, that too must not be tolerated. It needs to bepunished.<strong>The</strong> Fourth Commandment requires that the State protect and promote the public worship <strong>of</strong>Jehovah, and the maintenance <strong>of</strong> a Sabbath day <strong>of</strong> rest. <strong>The</strong> Sabbath-keepers' rest is not to bedisturbed by Sabbath-breakers.<strong>The</strong> Fifth Commandment demands the death penalty for serious breaches <strong>of</strong> parental power. It alsodemands respect toward political authorities and those who are advanced in years. It furtherrequires the institution <strong>of</strong> political <strong>of</strong>fices and the induction <strong>of</strong> political <strong>of</strong>ficers. <strong>The</strong>y are alsorequired. For God reminds us that the fallen human race cannot be preserved in any other way.<strong>The</strong> Sixth Commandment further determines that the death penalty may only be applied afteradequate testimony has been given. Security measures must be taken in building houses -- areference to the battlements or protective devices outlined in the Mosaic Law [Deuteronomy 22:8].Again, kidnapping is strictly prohibited, and punished in various ways -- even when a country is atwar. In fact, even cruelty to animals is to be strictly prohibited.<strong>The</strong> Seventh Commandment forbids -- with the sanction <strong>of</strong> the death penalty -- adultery, sodomy,and bestiality. It also forbids prostitution and fornication. This Commandment, however, alsonormates marriage positively -- in differing degrees. It posits laws against incest, and secures theright <strong>of</strong> a recently married man to be free from serving in the armed forces for one year. It regulatesdivorce -- and it does so in the manner Christ himself so outlined -- on account <strong>of</strong> the rottenness <strong>of</strong>people.Again, the permitted sexual intercourse between man and wife is to some extent regulated by thislaw. Forbidden degrees <strong>of</strong> relationship against incest are to be established by the State, which arealso to be sanctioned by the death penalty.Finally, even further provisions are given -- concerning honesty and modesty in movement,decorum and dress.
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The Professor of Philosophy -- or I
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glory.There are also Christian psyc
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Then there are Christian criminolog
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Massachusetts at Gordon- Conwell fo
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well known -- is being pioneered in
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people in South Africa. The South A
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nature and of human culture (Prover
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The parousia of Jesus Christ will i
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more and more christianised. Later
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