Seven: Mid-Twentieth Century Afrikaner Thought<strong>The</strong> first major thinker I would like to deal with here, is Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Frederik Potgieter. I wasprivileged to study under him for my first Doctor's Degree.Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Potgieter was born in the Eastern Cape. He studied successively at the University <strong>of</strong> CapeTown and the University <strong>of</strong> Stellenbosch, receiving his Doctorate <strong>of</strong> Philosophy for a dissertationon Pavlovian Psychology (i.e. how to make a dog drool).Potgieter next did his Doctorate in <strong>The</strong>ology under Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Valentine Hepp -- the successor toKuyper at the Free University <strong>of</strong> Amsterdam. <strong>The</strong>re, Potgieter submitted a very importantdissertation on <strong>The</strong> Relationship Between Philosophy and <strong>The</strong>ology in the Thought <strong>of</strong> John Calvin.He ploughed through all sixty-some volumes <strong>of</strong> Calvin in the original Latin to do this.Consequently, this particular work <strong>of</strong> his is an absolute goldmine <strong>of</strong> valuable quotations.Incidentally, my own little book <strong>of</strong> some fifty pages, Calvin on the Sciences, is a further distillation<strong>of</strong> this. For I derived the Calvin quotes on the subject <strong>of</strong> Philosophy, <strong>The</strong>ology and the SpecialSciences there -- largely from Potgieter's book.Potgieter has also authored many other writings. <strong>The</strong>re is his excellent book on predestination andthe ordo salutis; a fine study on pantheism, which he well refutes; and several books on occultphenomena (including the ability to see into the future) in which he attempts to explain them from aChristian viewpoint.His general explanation is that Adam, before the fall, had extraordinary powers <strong>of</strong> perception --which he lost at the time <strong>of</strong> the fall. Yet in certain <strong>of</strong> the children <strong>of</strong> Adam today, by virtue <strong>of</strong>God's common grace, there are sometimes strong sporadic "after-glows" (as Potgieter calls them) <strong>of</strong>this original ability that God gave to Adam.According to predestination, some people have these abilities more than others. <strong>The</strong>se God givenabilities are then either consciously or unconsciously taken hold <strong>of</strong> by Satan or his demons, andthen misused to further the kingdom <strong>of</strong> darkness. On the other hand, says Potgieter, otherindividuals with similar special gifts consecrate them to the Lord Jesus Christ. In that way, they areenabled to perform unusual services in the Church <strong>of</strong> the Lord Jesus Christ.Potgieter has also written a very interesting book in English on Christ and Israel -- a book oneschatology. But I think his most important writing is a work called <strong>The</strong> <strong>The</strong>ocentric University.<strong>The</strong>re he distinguishes the concrete jungles <strong>of</strong> humanist institutions from the God-centreduniversity. <strong>The</strong> latter glorifies God, and recognises God alone as the true Ground and Centre <strong>of</strong> anyuniversity, for the teaching <strong>of</strong> every subject in every faculty. Thus the <strong>The</strong>ocentric (or rather theTrinicentric) University is distinguished from the Romish or the atheistic and the humanistic andthe Islamic university (as the case may be).Potgieter was extremely upset when the South African Government, after a lot <strong>of</strong> study andconsideration, decided some fifteen or so years ago to go ahead and to establish Chairs <strong>of</strong> Hinduand Islamic <strong>The</strong>ology at some South African universities for the benefit <strong>of</strong> the considerablenumbers <strong>of</strong> Hindus and Moslems living in South Africa.Potgieter felt this was contrary to the South African Constitution, which claims to be specificallyChristian. On the other hand, one needs to recognise the problems <strong>of</strong> a Government trying tooperate in a country where only a minority <strong>of</strong> its total subjects are Christians (even though a vast
majority <strong>of</strong> the White citizens are pr<strong>of</strong>essedly Christian).Potgieter is also an expert on Calvin. Just before I came here to give these lectures, I learned he isproducing another book to be entitled Calvin for Today. It is a system <strong>of</strong> daily readings for eachday <strong>of</strong> the year.<strong>The</strong> blurb is very interesting. It says: "Order your Biblical Daily Reading Book now for the NewYear! Make Calvin part <strong>of</strong> your life by acquiring this book <strong>of</strong> daily readings, a work in which thegreat Reformed Church Father speaks to us in living Afrikaans, translated from the original Latinand compiled by one <strong>of</strong> the foremost authorities on Calvin, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor F.J.M. Potgieter, Pr<strong>of</strong>essorEmeritus <strong>of</strong> Stellenbosch. <strong>The</strong>se 365 daily readings are a choiceselection <strong>of</strong> Calvin's writteninheritances which, for the most part, are taken from his various writings. <strong>The</strong>y cover a largevariety <strong>of</strong> subjects, e.g. predestination, infant baptism, prayer, our Christian clothing, the right <strong>of</strong>resistance, and God's providence."One <strong>of</strong> the interesting things about Potgieter, is a discussion concerning his Doctoral Dissertationon the relationship between theology and philosophy in the thought <strong>of</strong> John Calvin -- which wasundertaken by Cornelius Van Til in 1940. Van Til said: "Potgieter argues that according toDooyeweerd not revelation but the regenerated heart is posited as the foundation <strong>of</strong> Philosophy."However, Potgieter replied that the fixed foundation <strong>of</strong> special revelation in the Word <strong>of</strong> God maynever be exchanged for the instability and fallibility <strong>of</strong> the still-sinful regenerated heart orregenerated ego.To this criticism <strong>of</strong> Dooyeweerd by Potgieter, Van Til replied in 1940: "Potgieter contends that acomplete and constant submission <strong>of</strong> the regenerated ego is nowhere found because no one isperfect. But surely such a submission does take place in principle, or there would be no moreChristian theology any more than a Christian philosophy. Potgieter apparently desires that theChristian philosopher, instead <strong>of</strong> going directly to the Bible itself, should first come to a competenttheological pr<strong>of</strong>essor for a statement <strong>of</strong> what the Bible has to say to him."Continues Van Til: "Are we then to understand that this is because this theology pr<strong>of</strong>essor,Potgieter, is perfect in degree as well as in principle? If the author had observed the simpledistinction between perfection in principle and perfection in degree, he could not have made theexceedingly serious charge <strong>of</strong> subjectivism against Dooyeweerd."Now it is true Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Potgieter does believe that the Christian Philosopher, in using the Bible atthe theoretical scientific level, needs to consult with the Christian <strong>The</strong>ologian's expert scientificexegesis and systematisation <strong>of</strong> Scripture. That is true. I myself think Potgieter is right in thatstatement, and Van Til perhaps wrong. But Potgieter has never claimed that all Christians, even tounderstand the Bible at a common sense level, need to come to the Christian <strong>The</strong>ologian in order toget his clearance first. For Potgieter emphatically believes in the clarity and perspicuity <strong>of</strong>Scripture.It is interesting that others have agreed with Potgieter against what Van Til said in agreement withDooyeweerd back in 1940. Dooyeweerd, according to Van Til, then constantly subjected theregenerated ego to the Scriptures. To be sure, Dooyeweerd finds in the regenerated ego theimmediate starting point and concentration point <strong>of</strong> philosophy. But, says Van Til, it is the greatvirtue <strong>of</strong> the cosmonomic "Philosophy <strong>of</strong> Law" that Dooyeweerd and Vollenhoven insist in all theirwriting that man should regard himself as a creature and a sinner -- and should therefore go to theScriptures in order, in the light <strong>of</strong> them, to search out the meaning <strong>of</strong> the created world.One <strong>of</strong> the later "Potgieter" philosophers in South Africa, a lady called Anna Louise Conradie(Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Philosophy at the University <strong>of</strong> Natal) agrees with Potgieter. She says Van Til has justnot seen the real danger pointed out by Dooyeweerd's critics. If theology is controlled byDooyeweerd's "cosmonomic idea" -- a philosophical creature formulated by Dooyeweerd's
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THE CHRISTIAN AFRIKANERSA Brief His
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God richly bless the following lect
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There have always been, and always
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But the only one they both appeal t
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Now Zuidema was a very great Dutch
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Dutch churches at the Synod of Dord
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station -- to help the Dutch ships
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It is a country dedicated to freedo
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1760 -- there was more and more dis
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with the Dutch. Many moved farther
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said: "The British have placed our
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