THE CHRISTIAN AFRIKANERS - The Works of F. N. Lee

Last, Stoker deals with the special philosophies of each of the various special sciences. Here hedeals microscopically with the particular special sciences. Now the particular sciences are dividedby Stoker -- into the cultural sciences, the anthropological sciences, the biological sciences, thephysico-chemical sciences, and the mathematical sciences.Each of these groups of sciences, says Stoker, are to be subdivided further into sciences and subsciences.The sub-sciences are further subdivided into theoretical sciences dealing with principlesand values, empirical sciences dealing with facts, and applied sciences dealing with technology.Throughout, says Stoker, the various sciences are at liberty to borrow from one another. They do soin accordance with his formulated philosophical principles of "universality in one's own sphere"and "sovereignty in one's own sphere" and "freedom in one's own ability" and "universality in one'sown ability."The particular special sciences are then further subdivided by Stoker as follows.First of all, there are the sciences which study numbers and movement and space. Here, oneencounters the theoretical sciences of theoretical mathematics and theoretical dynamics --arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry.Under the empirical sciences, under mathematics he classifies the science of mechanics. That iswhen you put mathematics to work to figure out how many revolutions a wheel will make if youroll it from here to the door of a building.Then he deals with what he calls the physical-chemical sciences. Here, he would look first of all attheoretical nature study -- and then at the empirical or factual application of this -- at chemistry, atgeology and at astronomy. Last under this head, he would look at the applied or technologicalsciences, here taking a look at surveying and the engineering sciences.Stoker then goes on to deal with the sciences of the individual structures and theirinterrelationships. Here he has a measure of overlap between the biological sciences which follownext, and the anthropological sciences.Under biological sciences he has theoretical biology. Then, in the study which follows of empiricalbiology, he distinguishes biochemistry and geography. He then moves on to botanical studies andthose of development, genetics, animal psychology and other animal sciences (particularlyhistology, cytology, embryology and ecology). There we have the overlap with the humanbiological sciences, where he would study human empirical biological sciences such as physiology(studying the structure of the human body) and anatomy and morphology. Under the appliedbiological sciences, he has listed veterinary sciences, agricultural sciences and applied biology. Asfar as the application of the human biological sciences are concerned, he has of course the variousmedical sciences (or medical arts).This then brings one over into the next large group of sciences distinguished by Stoker. Here wefind the anthropological sciences, where he distinguishes theoretical ethnology (and its practicalapplication in empirical ethnology), theoretical characterology and personalitology (applied inempirical, factual and historical characterology and personalitology), and theoretical psychologyand its factual application in empirical psychology and its further technological application inapplied psychology (including psychiatry). There is also theoretical anthropology factually appliedin empirical and historical psychology (and technologically applied at the level of appliedanthropology).