The Development of Modernism in Raleigh 1945-1965 - Triangle ...

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The Development of Modern Architecture in Raleigh 1945-1965 6Lucy Milner and her husband John recalled their struggle to find housing after the war:“We were on the wait list for Country Club Homes for years. We were the third couple tomove into the Cameron Village Apartments. The only way to get in was to know WillieYork [the Cameron Village Apartments developer].” 5The primary story told by construction in Raleigh from the mid 1940s to the mid 1960s isthat of suburban housing. New homes were built in the late 1940s in neighborhoodsinside and beyond the city limits. Clumps of FHA and VA housing that varied in size,form and materials were constructed in neighborhoods such as Oakdale, Mordecai,Georgetown, Anderson Heights, and Budleigh. For example in Georgetown, lining thenorth and south sides of New and Georgetown roads, are gabled one-story frame MinimalTraditional-style VA houses, set on deep, narrow lots. Each has the same floor plan:kitchen, living room, two bedrooms and bath off a center hallway. The affordable termsof the Georgetown houses were only $200 down with the rest, $6,000, financed by agovernment loan. 6 In 1947-1948 Willie York constructed the Hi Mount subdivision nearWhitaker Mill Road. Its two-bedroom brick and frame Cape Cod houses are similar to thecompact, inexpensive houses of Levittown, Long Island constructed by the thousands in1947. William and Louise Cook were looking desperately for a house and were thrilled tobe able to purchase the two-bedroom Cape Cod at 606 Mills Street about 1947 with anFHA mortgage. Louise still lives in the house. 7As in other cities, Raleigh building permits rose steadily in the postwar era, from 41 in1944, to 544 in 1946, 857 in 1948, 989 in 1950, and 1,627 in 1965. 8 During the postwarera Raleigh was totally transformed. Population doubled, the city limit area nearly tripled,miles of paved streets increased by 250%, the number of industries tripled, the number ofwholesale distributors increased by 224 %, and over 7,500 houses were built in the citylimits. By far the majority of the approximately 18,000 buildings constructed during theperiod were in the unannexed suburbs. The following table presents statistics drawn fromRaleigh City Directories and Chamber of Commerce brochures:Population Sq. Miles Paved Sts Industry1945 53,661 (est.) 12.5 70 mi. 46 industries98 wholesaledistributorships1950 65,679 12.5 100 mi.15,000 homes1955 12.5 150 mi.20,000 homes113 industries160 wholesaledistributorships159 industries5 Lucy Milner interview at her house at 2325 Hathaway, March 9, 2006.6 www.raleighcitymuseum.org (Architectural Survey)7 Louise Cook interview, February 23, 2006.8 Ibid.; 1965 Raleigh Chamber of Commerce brochure, Elizabeth Reid Murray Collection, Olivia RaneyLocal History Library.
The Development of Modern Architecture in Raleigh 1945-1965 71960 93,931 33.646 178 mi.22,500 homes144 industries220 wholesaledistributors1965 103,000 (est.) 34.1 346.09 217 industriesThe statistics indicate that Raleigh’s limits did not change between 1945 and 1955, but amap showing annexation history tells a different story. Between 1941 and 1949 the citylimits remained the same. In 1949 and 1951-1955 the limits expanded primarily to theeast from Shaw University to include almost all of the area between Capital Boulevardand New Bern Avenue inside the I-440 Beltline. Small areas on the north, the area ofRidgewood on the west, and a small area along S. Wilmington Street to the south wereadded by 1955. Between 1956 and 1965 the suburbs around the entire city out to andbeyond the I-440 ring road known as the Beltline were annexed. The city limits expandedto Millbrook Road on the north, to the south of I-440 on the south, and to I-440 on thewest. The east boundary expanded to include the area between New Bern Avenue and I-440. The Beltline had been planned since 1954, when the “Land Development Plan ofRaleigh” published by the Raleigh Department of Planning included a new “belt route”encircling the city in order to make the city accessible by automobile. It was constructedfrom 1960 to 1965 on the north side of Raleigh. The southern Beltline appeared as adotted line on the 1968 Champion map of the city, but was not built until the 1980s. 9The 1955-1965 decade saw North Raleigh surge far ahead of East Raleigh due totopography, which made it easier to run water and sewer lines to the north. Constructionof the northern Beltline reflects this growth.The survey documented 75 postwar subdivisions, 27 of them in North Raleigh, wheredevelopers found land with pleasant hilly topography, access to city water and sewer, andgood transportation along the major thoroughfares of Glenwood Avenue, Six Forks Road,Wake Forest Road, and Capital Boulevard (US 1). Many of these were built by the “Big 3Developers,” Willy York, Ed Richards, and Seby Jones (known primarily for landacquisition and commercial development). 10 Raleigh native Willy York’s Hi Mountsubdivision was discussed earlier; his major development of the era, Cameron Village,contained both housing, retail and office buildings that will be discussed later. E. N. (Ed)Richards, a builder raised in Brooklyn, New York, built defense-related housing duringWorld War II. In 1947 he moved to Winston-Salem to build a housing development.There he became associated with Willy York, building thousands of houses andapartments for military personnel in the Camp Lejeune area in the early 1950s. At thesame time, Richards began to work in Raleigh “on a series of developments that havechanneled the growth and design of modern Raleigh—a series that now includeRidgewood, Woodcrest, Pinecrest, Biltmore Hills, Eastgate, Southgate, Stratford Park,Longview Lake, North Ridge, and Country Club Homes.” 119 Edmisten, J. W. Willie York : His First Seventy-Five Years in Raleigh, 98, 107.10 Ben Taylor interview,11 Vickers, Raleigh: City of Oaks, 168.
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