A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...

� HCBD bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms
and it is quite persistent in the environment.
� HCBD is neither registered in any products
nor in the environment in Norway.
Production and use
Internationally HCBD has been used as a solvent,
transformer and hydraulic liquid and in
the manufacturing of rubber. No use and no
production are known from Norway, and the
substance is neither listed in the Norwegian
Product Register for the last 10 years, nor in the
Norwegian List of Dangerous Substances or
ClassLab. According to NOU 1995:4 there were
no registered emissions of HCBD in Norway.
Emissions, discharges,
distribution and hot-spots
There is no data indicating use or discharges of
HCBD in Norway, and no data on environmental
distribution. However, the magnesium plant
at Herøya in Telemark County may have had
discharges to water and the former rubber manufacturers
in Askim in Østfold County and
Mjøndalen in Buskerud County may have had
HCBD emissions to air. Any emissions are likely
to be limited and date back in time. Long range
transboundary air pollution is likely to be an
additional source.
Need for further screening and monitoring
Possible contamination at old industrial sites
should be screened.
Localities for further screening and monitoring
The closed magnesium plant at Herøya and former
rubber manufacturing in Askim and
Mjøndalen may have emitted HCBD.
Analysis
The analysis of HCBD is often part of packages
with several other volatile organic compounds
(VOC).
Methods
The methods are based on purge-and-trap, or
head-space analysis and separation and quantification
with GC-based methods: GC/MS or
GC/ECD.
FACTS
Cas no.: 87-68-3
hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) ::::::::::..
17 Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)
Synonyms: 3-hexachlorobutadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4,-hexachloro-1,3-butadiene,
perchlorobutadiene, HCBD 1,3butadiene,
1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-, butadien, hexachlor-1,3-,
butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-, 1,3- ,
HCBD, hexachlor-1,3-butadien, heksaklorbutadien,
Tripen.
Properties: Clear, colourless liquid
Toxic effects: LD50 oral for rat = 200 - 350 mg/kg for
HCBD. The substance is mutagenic, a skin and eye
irritant and a possible a human carcinogen. In water
LC50 for Fathead minnow (Pimefales promelas) = 0,09
mg/l/96 hour. (HSDB)
Log Kow: 3,74 - 4,78
Persistence: Half-life in natural waters is between 4
and 52 weeks (CIRCA). Half-life in air is 534 days for
HCBD. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very
high. (HSDB)
Water solubility: 2-4 mg/l
Molecular formula: C 4 -Cl 6
Metabolites: S-(pentachlorobutadienyl)-L-cyteine, Nacetyl-S-(pentachlorobutadienyl)-
L-cysteine, and
1,1,2,3-tetrachlorobutenoic acid (urine)
Synergy with other analyses
Sample preparation and quantification can be
co-ordinated with the analysis of other VOC
like compounds or other halogenated and nonhalogenated
solvents.
References
� CIRCA, Royal Haskoning Fact sheets on production,
use and release of priority substances in
the WFD, Hexachlorobutadiene, Final version
31 January 2001.
� HSDB: Hexachlorobutadiene.
� NORGES OFFENTLIGE UTREDNINGER
NOU 1995:4 Virkemidler i miljøpolitikken
A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive
TA-2140/2005
43:::..