A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...
A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...
A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...
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22 Naphthalene<br />
� Naphthalene is a PAH. It is persistent and a<br />
human carcinogen.<br />
� Naphthalene is mostly monitored as part <strong>of</strong><br />
�PAH 16 in Norway.<br />
� Naphtalene is considered less toxic than o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
PAHs<br />
� For fur<strong>the</strong>r information, see PAH.<br />
Production and use<br />
Globally, <strong>the</strong> largest releases <strong>of</strong> naphthalene are<br />
results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> combustion <strong>of</strong> wood and fossil<br />
fuels and <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> coal tar.<br />
Naphthalene has been used in <strong>the</strong> manufacturing<br />
<strong>of</strong> azodyes, phthalic anhydride, naphthalensulphonic<br />
acid-formaldehyde condensation<br />
products, alkyl derivatives and solvent components.<br />
Naphthalene is also a component in some<br />
fumigants and repellents (moth balls).<br />
Emissions, discharges,<br />
distribution and hot-spots<br />
See PAH.<br />
Monitoring<br />
Naphthalene is monitored with �PAH 16 in<br />
Norway.<br />
Need for fur<strong>the</strong>r screening and monitoring<br />
See PAH.<br />
Analysis<br />
See PAH.<br />
References<br />
� CIRCA, Royal Haskoning: Fact sheets on<br />
production, use and release <strong>of</strong> <strong>priority</strong> <strong>substances</strong><br />
in <strong>the</strong> WFD, Naphthalene , Final version<br />
31 January 2001<br />
� HSDB: Naphthalene.<br />
� ClassLab: Naftalen<br />
FACTS<br />
Cas no.: 91-20-3<br />
Synonyms: Albo-carbon, Coal tar camphor,<br />
Naphthaline, Antimite, Naph<strong>the</strong>ne, Naphthalin,<br />
Naftalin, White Tar.<br />
Properties: White scales, balls, powder or cakes.<br />
Aromatic odour (mothballs).<br />
A <strong>study</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>priority</strong> <strong>substances</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Framework</strong> <strong>Directive</strong><br />
TA-2140/2005<br />
naphthalene ::::::::::..<br />
Toxic effects: Fatal human dose (oral) is approx. 2 g<br />
(48 h) for a child, 5-10 g adult, LD50 (rat oral) is 2,6<br />
g/kg. Naphthalene is an irritant and a possible<br />
human carcinogen. It is very toxic to aquatic organisms<br />
(ClassLab) with LC50 for Pink salmon<br />
(Oncorhynchus gorbusch) at 1,4 mg/l (96 h).<br />
Log Kow: 3,01 - 3,7<br />
Persistence: No or little degradation under anaerobic<br />
conditions. Half-life in air and water is to 2,4-242<br />
weeks (biodegradation), while half-life in soil for<br />
naphthalene may be as low as 2-18 days (biodegradation),<br />
while half-life in air is expected to be 16<br />
hours (photolysis). Bioconcentration in aquatic<br />
organisms can be high.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> solubility: 30 mg/l at 20 °C<br />
Molecular formula: C10H8<br />
Metabolites: Via 1,2-epoxide into 1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol,<br />
1,2-dihydro-1-naphthol and Nacetyl-s-(2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthyl)-cysteine.<br />
57:::..
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