A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

..:::::::::: zinc ..:::82 b Zinc � Zinc is a metal with acute and chronic toxicity for aquatic organisms. � No further screening is necessary. Production and use Zinc compounds are used as active substances in biocidal products, as surface protector for other metals and as a stabilizer in plastic. Metallic zinc is used in electric appliances, coins, building materials, sinks, buckets, roofing etc. Emissions, discharges, distribution and hot-spots Main emissions of zinc comes from industry, mining, waste incineration and products. Monitoring Monitoring of zinc has been part of JAMP and RID and time trends exist here. Zinc has also been investigated in other studies (see references). Marine sediment High zinc levels in sediments are found in connection with mining or shipyards. Marine biota Shellfish in harbours in Nordland has been screened. Narvik and Svolvær are highly polluted. Fresh water 10 rives have been monitored, but concentrations are generally low; the samples with highest concentrations have been Class III. Fresh water sediment Lakes affected by mining, are polluted. In other lakes concentrations are low. Fresh water biota Insect larvae, especially mayfly, living downstream mines are shown to have increased body zink concentration. Hotspots Lakes, rivers and streams affected by mining are hotspots for zinc pollution. These are being monitored today. A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive TA-2140/2005 FACTS Zinc is a metal which is essential to all organisms, but high concentrations have adverse effects, especially in aquatic organisms. Zinc also has chronic toxicity for aquatic organisms. There is some bioaccumulation, but negligible biomagnification. Very high levels are required to cause adverse health effects, but as zinc is associated with cadmium, high zinc levels may indicate other effects. Need for further screening and monitoring Zinc is thoroughly screened. No further screening is necessary. Analysis There are several well-established techniques for determination of Zn. Several companies offer this service in Norway and Europe. The most frequently techniques are Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GF-AAS) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (F-AAS). Methods Water samples are acidified with 1-10% nitric acid. For analysis of solid samples, the methods are based on digestion with nitric acid / hydrogen peroxide in sealed containers using microwave system. Synergy with other analyses The sample digestion method used for determination of zinc can also be used for determination of Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Cr, As and Ni. References � Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in sediments and fish from lakes in Northern and Arctic regions of Norway, rapportnr. 688/97 � Miljøgifter i fisk, skalldyr og sediment i havneområder og fjorder i Rogaland 1999-2000. TA-1843/2001. � Miljøgifter i havneområder i Nordland, TA- 1967-2003
� Miljøgifter i marine sediment og organismer i havneområdene ved Harstad, Tromsø, Hammerfest og Honningsvåg 1997-98, TA- 1697/2000. � Miljøgifter og radioaktivitet i norsk fauna - inkludert Arktis og Antarktis, utredning for DN nr. 1999-5 � Miljøundersøkelse ved skipsverft i Eidkjosen og Grovfjord, Troms fylke. Akvaplan-niva APN- 411.02.2539. � Overvåking av miljøgifter i marine sedimenter og organismer, 1981-1999. Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP), TA-1797- 2001. � Regional undersøkelse av miljøgifter i innsjøsedimenter. Delrapport 2. Tungmetaller og andre sporelementer. Rapportnr. 713/97. � Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2003. Part B: Data report. � SFT: Miljøgifter i norske fjorder. Ambisjonsnivåer og strategi for arbeidet med forurenset sjøbunn, http://www.sft.no/publikasjoner/kjemikalier/1774/TA1774.pdf � SFT: Miljøgifter i produkter Data for 2002 � Sonderende undersøkelser i norske havner og utvalgte kystområder. Fase 2. Miljøgifter i sedimenter på strekningen Stavern-Hvitsten. TA- 1160/1994. � Sonderende undersøkelser i norske havner og utvalgte kystområder. Fase 1. Miljøgifter i sedimenter på strekningen Narvik-Kragerø. TA- 1159/1994. � Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt: Miljø og helse - en forskningsbasert kunnskapsbase. Revisjon 2003. Rapport 2003:9. A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive TA-2140/2005 zinc ::::::::::.. 83:::..
Page 1:
TA-2140/2005 A study of the priorit
Page 4 and 5:
..:::4 This report has been produce
Page 6 and 7:
..:::::::::: introduction ..:::6 IN
Page 8 and 9:
..:::::::::: methods ..:::8 METHODS
Page 10 and 11:
..:::::::::: priority substances in
Page 12 and 13:
..:::::::::: alachlor ..:::12 1 Ala
Page 14 and 15:
..:::::::::: anthracene ..:::14 2 A
Page 16 and 17:
..:::::::::: atrazine ..:::16 Syner
Page 18 and 19:
..:::::::::: benzene ..:::18 Synerg
Page 20 and 21:
..:::::::::: pentabromodiphenylethe
Page 22 and 23:
..:::::::::: cadmium and its compou
Page 24 and 25:
..:::::::::: C10-C13 chloroalkanes
Page 26 and 27:
..:::::::::: chlorfenvinphos ..:::2
Page 28 and 29:
..:::::::::: chlorpyrifos ..:::28 9
Page 30 and 31:
..:::::::::: dichloroethane (EDC) .
Page 32 and 33: ..:::::::::: dichloromethane ..:::3
Page 34 and 35: ..:::::::::: di(2-ethylhexyl)phthal
Page 36 and 37: ..:::::::::: diuron ..:::36 Diuron
Page 38 and 39: ..:::::::::: endosulfan ..:::38 Ref
Page 40 and 41: ..:::::::::: hexachlorobenzene (HCB
Page 42 and 43: ..:::::::::: hexachlorobenzene (HCB
Page 44 and 45: ..:::::::::: hexachlorocyclohexane
Page 46 and 47: ..:::::::::: lindane ..:::46 18b Li
Page 48 and 49: ..:::::::::: lindane ..:::48 (Envir
Page 50 and 51: ..:::::::::: isoproturon ..:::50 yn
Page 52 and 53: ..:::::::::: lead and its compounds
Page 54 and 55: ..:::::::::: mercury and its compou
Page 56 and 57: ..:::::::::: mercury and its compou
Page 58 and 59: ..:::::::::: nickel and nickel comp
Page 60 and 61: ..:::::::::: nonylphenols ..:::60 2
Page 62 and 63: ..:::::::::: octylphenols ..:::62 2
Page 64 and 65: ..:::::::::: pentachlorobenzene ..:
Page 66 and 67: ..:::::::::: pentachlorophenol/PCP
Page 68 and 69: ..:::::::::: polyaromatic hydrocarb
Page 70 and 71: ..:::::::::: simazine ..:::70 29 Si
Page 72 and 73: ..:::::::::: tributyltin compounds
Page 74 and 75: ..:::::::::: trichlorobenzene ..:::
Page 76 and 77: ..:::::::::: trichloromethane/chlor
Page 78 and 79: ..:::::::::: trifluralin ..:::78 Me
Page 80 and 81: ..:::::::::: copper ..:::80 a Coppe
Page 84 and 85: ..:::::::::: chromium ..:::84 c Chr
Page 86 and 87: ..:::::::::: arsenic ..:::86 d Arse
Page 88 and 89: ..:::::::::: PCB ..:::88 e PCB �
Page 90 and 91: ..:::::::::: PCB ..:::90 � St. me
Page 92 and 93: ..:::::::::: polychlorinated dibenz
Page 94 and 95: ..:::::::::: C14-C17 chloroalkanes
Page 96 and 97: ..:::::::::: perfluoroalkyl compoun
Page 98 and 99: ..:::::::::: appendix a ..:::98 (co
Page 100 and 101: ..:::::::::: appendix b ..:::100 Cl
Page 102 and 103: ..:::::::::: appendix c ..:::102 AP
Page 104: ..:::104 Utførende institusjon Ber
show all

A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?