A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...

Marine sediment
The levels of nickel in marine sediments are generally
low. Sediments outside Falconbridge have
higher nickel loading, "tilstandsklasse IV" in
Hanevika, outside Falconbridge.
Marine biota
The nickel levels in fish are relatively low.
Fresh water
Nickel has been monitored in rivers. Levels are
generally low, the highest samples were Class II.
Fresh water sediment
Nickel levels in fresh water sediments are generally
low, but increasing with latitude. Åsterudtjernet
in Ringerike in Buskerud County and
Vollevatnet in Kristiansand in Vest-Agder
County have significantly higher concentrations.
These are affected by mining and Falconbridge
respectively.
Fresh water biota
There are generally low levels of nickel in fresh
water biota.
Need for further screening and monitoring
There is no further need for screening of nickel
and its compounds.
Analysis
There are several well-established techniques for
determination of Ni. Several companies offer
this service in Norway and Europe. The most
common techniques are Inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively
coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
(ICP-AES), Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy (GF-AAS) and Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (F-AAS).
Methods
Water samples are acidified with 1-10% nitric
acid.
For analysis of solid samples, the methods are
based on digestion with nitric acid/hydrogen
peroxide in sealed containers using microwave
system.
nickel and nickel compounds ::::::::::..
Synergy with other analyses
The sample digestion method used for determination
of nickel can also be used for determination
of Pb, Hg, Zn, Cr, As and Cu.
References
� CIRCA: Fact sheets on production, use and
release of priority substances in the WFD, Royal
Haskoning 31 December 2003. NICKEL.
� ClassLab: Nikkel.
� HSDB: Nickel.
� WHO: International programme on chemical
safety. Environmental health critera108; NICK-
EL.
� SFT Miljøgifter i produkter Data for 2002.
� Fylkesvise tiltaksplaner for forurensede sedimenter,
Rapport fra fase 1 for Farsundsområdet
med Lyngdalsfjorden, Vest-Agder.
� Miljøovervåkning i Sandefjordsfjorden og
indre Mefjorden, 1997-1998. Delrapport 2.
Miljøgifter i sedimenter. TA-1585/1998.
� Sonderende undersøkelser i norske havner og
utvalgte kystområder. Fase 3. Miljøgifter i sedimenter
på strekningen Ramsund-Kirkenes. TA-
1215/1995.
� Miljøgifter i havneområder i Nordland, TA-
1967/2003.
� Riverine inputs and direct discharges to
Norwegian coastal waters - 2003. Part B: Data
report.
� Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants
in sediments and fish from lakes in
Northern and Arctic regions of Norway, rapportnr.
688/97.
� Regional undersøkelse av miljøgifter i
innsjøsedimenter. Delrapport 2. Tungmetaller og
andre sporelementer. Rapportnr. 713/97.
� Miljøgifter og radioaktivitet i norsk fauna -
inkludert Arktis og Antarktis, utredning for DN
nr. 1999-5
A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive
TA-2140/2005
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