A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive ...

� MCCP is medium chained chloroalkanes.
� MCCP should be screened in the environment.
Production and use
MCCP are mainly used as plasticisers and flame
retardants in paints, plastics and cutting fluids.
When SCCP was banned for most purposes, the
use of MCCP increased. In 1995 50 tons MCCP
were used in Norway; in 2002 1100 tons were
used.
Emissions, discharges,
distribution and hot-spots
The main emission source is products containing
MCCP. Emissions for 1995 are not known.
Emissions in 2002 are larger than 12 tons.
Monitoring
MCCP were screened in 2003.
Marine sediment
MCCP were screened in Drammensfjorden in
Buskerud County and four other areas from
Tønsberg in Vestfold County to Tromsø in
Troms County. The highest levels, 7500 ng/g dry
weight, were found in Drammensfjorden.
Marine biota
MCCP were found cod liver (Gadus morhua),
but levels are generally lower than for SCCP. In
blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), levels were similar
to SCCP concentrations.
Fresh water sediments
MCCP in Mjøsa have been measured to 150-
410 ng/g dry weight. The lower parts of
Drammenselva have four - ten times higher concentrations.
Fresh water biota
MCCP were found in the same concentrations
as SCCP.
Other
Sediments from leakage systems for municipal
landfills were investigated.
Hotspots
Paint producers and shipyards are probable
hotspots.
C14-C17 chloroalkanes (MCCP) ::::::::::..
g C14-C17 chloroalkanes (MCCP)
FACTS
MCCP are oily liquids. They are persistent, bioaccumulate
in the food chain, and they are toxic to
aquatic organisms. It is uncertain whether MCCP is
carcinogenic.
Need for further screening and monitoring
The use of MCCP is rapidly increasing. The
screening in 2003 has shown high levels. This
screening should be repeated within a few years,
in order to show trends.
Localities for further screening and monitoring
The screening should be compatible with the
screening in 2003.
Analysis
With the growing interest of the analysis of
SCCP, the focus on MCCP has also increased.
The use of SCCP has in many cases been substituted
with MCCP. As for SCCP the huge
amount of compounds in this group and the
lack of 13C-labelled internal standards is the
main reason that this method has not reached
the same standard of analytical quality as for
example the analysis of dioxins or PCB.
Methods
The methods are based on extraction with an
organic solvent, chromatographic clean-up and
separation and quantification with GC-based
methods: normally GC/MS with different modes
of ionization. The most prominent GC/MS
methods for SCCP analyses are based on electron
capture negative ion (ECNI) mode with
both high- and low resolution MS. A more
extensive sample clean up is necessary when
using low resolution MS to remove closely related
and interfering compounds. With the more
sophisticated and expensive high resolution MS
instruments, interferences are almost negligible.
Synergy with other analyses
Sample extraction and clean-up can be co-ordinated
with the analysis of other persistent
organic pollutants as PCB, HCH, PBDE and
SCCP.
A study of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive
TA-2140/2005
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