VAAM-Jahrestagung 2011 Karlsruhe, 3.–6. April 2011

nucleotide A was also found. Sequencing and analysis of other genera iscurrently under progress.C. jejuni occurrence within selected wild bird populations in North America,USA.EMP108Carbon stable isotope fractionation of chlorinatedethenes and ethanes by Dehalococcoides ribotype BTF08and Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195M. Schmidt*, S. Lege, I. NijenhuisDepartment of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center forEnvironmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, GermanyThe carbon stable isotope fractionation of vinyl chloride (VC),dichloroethene (DCE) and dichloroethane (DCA) was investigated duringreductive dechlorination to ethene. Isotope fractionation terms the change ofthe given natural stable isotope ratio of a substance, caused bytransformation processes, where bonds with lighter isotopomers (e.g. 12 C)have a slightly lower bond energy resulting in a faster reaction compared tothe heavier isotopomers (e.g. 13 C). This leads to an enrichment of heavyisotopes in the residual fraction of the substrate allowing the calculation ofan enrichment factor (εC). Given that isotope fractionation is determined bythe chemical reaction mechanism, similar degradation pathways andenzymes are expected to result in a similar fractionation. In this study wecould demonstrate that Dehalococcoides ribotype BTF08 fractionates VC(εC =-28.8 ± 1.5 ‰), 1,1-DCE (εC =-12.4 ± 1.1 ‰) and cis-DCE (εC =-30.5 ± 2.7 ‰) stronger compared to other Dehalococcoides strains [1].Additionally, preliminary experiments showed that DCA carbon isotopefractionation is stronger than DCE fractionation. In summary, the resultssupport that DCE and DCA dehalogenation occur via different pathways inDehalococcoides and that Dehalococcoides ribotype BTF08 may containnovel DCE and VC dehalogenases.[1] Lee et al. 2007 Environ. Sci. Technol. 41:4277-4285EMP109Prevalence of Campylobacter species in North Americanwild birdsJ. Keller* 1 , W.G. Shriver 1 , J. Waldenström 2 , P. Griekspoor 2 , B. Olsen 2,31 Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA2 Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden3 Department ofMedical Science, Infectious Disease , Uppsala University,Uppsala, SwedenCampylobacter bacteria have a significant impact on human health, beingresponsible for the majority of food borne illnesses and gastroenteritisworldwide. Understanding the prevalence of bacterial pathogens inenvironmental factors influencing the commercial food industry such as wildbirds, may serve as an additional useful tool for examining the spread ofdisease organisms and therefore further understanding of the overallepidemiology of the organism. The emergence of new infectious diseases inwildlife and the increasing contact between humans and human food supplychains with wildlife has created a need to better understand the role ofenvironmental influences as vectors of pathogenic bacteria such asCampylobacter jejuni, not only in wild birds in Europe, but also in wildbirds in the United States. Wild birds have been thought to factor into theepidemiology of this bacterium, although few studies have estimated theprevalence of Campylobacter in North American wild birds.This study evaluated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in gulls(Laridae), shorebirds (Scolopacidae), and migratory and resident waterfowl(Anatidae) through culture and PCR-based methods. Results from culturingmethods indicated that 43% (n=65) of Arenaria interpres and 28% (n=32) ofCalidris pusilla, both long distance migratory shorebird species sampled inthe Delaware Bay, were positive for Campylobacter spp. Only 5% (n=279)of Branta canadensis were positive for Campylobacter spp. while anotherNorth American migratory goose species, Chen caerulescens, had aprevalence of 30% (n=111). Of several Laridae species, all of the genusLarus, 14% (n=147) were positive for Campylobacter spp. includingCampylobacter jejuni. All samples will be further analyzed through MLST-PCR specific for C. jejuni to explore similarities and differences betweenpoultry and human clonal complexes. Wintering waterfowl and gulls oftenoccur on agricultural fields possibly spreading disease organisms.Shorebirds undergo long distance migrations and have the potential oftransferring bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes across long distances.With implications of wild birds transmitting the Campylobacter bacteria toother avian species, such as poultry, this study provides further insight intoEMP110The bacterial community in the natural gas reservoirAltmark (Germany) and the assessment of indigenousmicroorganismsC. Gniese* 1 , J. Frerichs 2 , M. Krüger 2 , N. Hoth 3 , A. Kassahun 4 ,M. Schlömann 11 Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Mining andTechnology, Freiberg, Germany2 Department of Geomicrobiology, Federal Institute for Geoscience andNatural Resources, Hannover, Germany3 Institute for Drilling and Fluid Mining, University of Mining andTechnology, Freiberg, Germany4 Dresden Ground Water Research Center e.V., Dresden, GermanyCarbon capture and storage into depleted natural oil and gas fields could bea solution for members of the EU to achieve the aim of decreasinggreenhouse gases by 20% until 2020. Therefore, research on putative storagesites like the natural gas field Altmark is strongly needed to support andsecure this intention.RECOBIO-2, part of the BMBF-funded Geotechnologien consortium,investigates the presence of microbes in formation waters of the Altmark gasfield and their potential role in CO 2 turnover. This gas reservoir is operatedby GDF SUEZ E&P Germany GmbH and is located in the southern edge ofthe Northeast German Basin. The Rotliegend formation has an average depthof 3300m, a bottom-hole temperature between 111 and ~120°C, ischaracterized by high salinity (up to 350g/l) and low concentrations ofdissolved sulfate.Two types of samples were analyzed: formation water collected at the wellhead (wh) and formation water sampled down hole (dh). Some of the wellswere treated frequently with a foaming agent while others are chemicallyuntreated.Molecular-genetic analyses of formation water of different wells wereperformed to assess the structure of the microbial community. Despite theextreme environmental conditions, RNA and DNA were successfullyobtained and sequenced. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences of formationwater (wh and dh) from well Mellin B (Heidberg-Mellin) were affiliatedmainly with Firmicutes (wh 58%, dh 62%) and Bacteroidetes (wh 26%, dh21%). Especially Desulfotomaculum spp., Thermoanaerobacterium spp. andbacteria related to uncultured ones from a petroleum reservoir were detected.The extent of indigenous microbes in samples of three wells was assessedwith a special sampling approach. The down hole sampling device wasflushed, the water collected and then the formation water was sampled. T-RFLP patterns showed a variation and allowed a differentiation of terminalfragments of putative indigenous bacteria from those of possibly externalorigin.EMP111Long term bioimmobilization and bioremediation at anAMD contaminated site in Eastern ThuringiaS. Frank, E. Kothe*Department of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, GermanyThe residual contamination with heavy metals and the low pH affects reestablishingof vegetation in AMD polluted areas. Microbially assistedbioremediation and bioimmobilization strategies were tested with respect toaltering element uptake into plant biomass, leading to planting regimes thatmaximize reduction of the ecotoxicological risk and input into food websand water ways.The experimental site is a remediated site, disturbed by several decades ofuranium leaching (Eastern Thuringia, Germany). On this site, the effect of 5cm topsoil or municipal compost addition on plant availability of metals wasinvestigated for several years. The soil was inoculated with mycorrhizalfungi and streptomycetes with plant growth promoting properties. A soilcharacterization including sequential extraction was performed in theamended as well as in an untreated control plots to investigate possible shiftsin metal availability/mobility as an effect of the amendments added. Thebioavailable heavy metal fraction was lowered by metal binding to theorganic fraction. The inoculation with microorganisms aided the treatmentof the soil. Diversity and evenness of the plant community were increasedand plant growth was increased with inoculation. These effects were stablespektrum | Tagungsband 2011