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3.8 Galaxies as Gravitational Lenses 127 Fig. 3.37. Top: optical images of the double quasar QSO 0957+561. The image on the left has a short exposure time; here, the two point-like images A,B of the quasar are clearly visible. In contrast, the image on the right has a longer exposure time, showing the lens galaxy G1 between the two quasar images. Several other galaxies (G2-G5) are visible as well. The lens galaxy is a member of a cluster of galaxies at z d = 0.36. Bottom: two radio maps of QSO 0957+561, observed with the VLA at 6 cm (left) <strong>and</strong> 3.6 cm (right), respectively. The two images of the quasar are denoted by A,B; G is the radio emission of the lens galaxy. The quasar has a radio jet, which is a common property of many quasars (see Sect. 5.3.1). On small angular scales, the jet can be observed by VLBI techniques in both images (see Fig. 3.38). On large scales only a single image of the jet exists, seen in image A; this property should be compared with Fig. 3.36 where it was demonstrated that the number of images of a source (component) depends on its position in the source plane
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Peter Schneider Extragalactic Astro
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Prof. Dr. Peter Schneider Argelande
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Preface VI ter aspects are discusse
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List of Contents VIII 2.5.1 The Gra
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List of Contents X 5. Active Galact
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List of Contents XII 8. Cosmology I
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List of Contents XIV D. Recommended
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1. Introduction and Overview 2 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 4 othe
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1. Introduction and Overview 6 obje
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1. Introduction and Overview 8 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 10 Fig
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1. Introduction and Overview 16 of
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1. Introduction and Overview 18 app
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1. Introduction and Overview 26 spe
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2. The Milky Way as a Galaxy 35 The
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2.2 Determination of Distances With
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy a c
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy B-s
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fro
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy tha
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy 57 2.4
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy which
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy where
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy center
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2.5 The Galactic Microlensing Effec
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2.6 The Galactic Center have been e
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2.6 The Galactic Center 79 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center Fig. 2.36.
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2.6 The Galactic Center 83 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center hence, this
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3. The World of Galaxies 88 million
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3. The World of Galaxies 90 100M
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3. The World of Galaxies 92 Table 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 94 arrives
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96 3. The World of Galaxies This in
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3. The World of Galaxies 98 Boxines
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3. The World of Galaxies 100 Wherea
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4.3 Consequences of the Friedmann E
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4.4 Thermal History of the Universe
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4.5 Achievements and Problems of th
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 175 The l
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5.1 Introduction 5.1 Introduction 5
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5.1 Introduction 179 Fig. 5.5. Radi
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5.1 Introduction The synchrotron sp
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5.2 AGN Zoology have in common stro
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5.3 The Central Engine: A Black Hol
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5.4 Components of an AGN 5.4 Compon
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5.4 Components of an AGN transition
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5.4 Components of an AGN Fig. 5.22.
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5.4 Components of an AGN by magneti
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5.4 Components of an AGN sible to o
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5.4 Components of an AGN ity of an
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 208 radia
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 210 Fig.
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 212 5.5.4
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 214 elect
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 216 QSOs
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 218 tion.
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology 221 ize hydr
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6.1 The Local Group 225 Table 6.1.
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7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneities in
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7.2 Gravitational Instability gravi
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7.2 Gravitational Instability i.e.,
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7.3 Description of Density Fluctuat
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7.4 Evolution of Density Fluctuatio
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7.4 Evolution of Density Fluctuatio
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7.5 Non-Linear Structure Evolution
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7.7 Origin of the Density Fluctuati
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8. Cosmology III: The Cosmological
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352 8. Cosmology III: The Cosmologi
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9. The Universe at High Redshift 35
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10. Outlook 407 In the final chapte
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10. Outlook telescope will start a
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10. Outlook New windows to the Univ
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10. Outlook understand why the dens
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Appendix
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A. The Electromagnetic Radiation Fi
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B. Properties of Stars 425 In this
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B.3 Structure and Evolution of Star
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B.3 Structure and Evolution of Star
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D. Recommended Literature 433 In th
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D.3 Review Articles, Current Litera
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E. Acronyms Used 438 GRB Gamma-Ray
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F. Figure Credits 441 Chapter 1 1.1
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F. Figure Credits 1.25 Source: R. W
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F. Figure Credits Nik Szymanek. bot
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F. Figure Credits 5.5 Credit: Laing
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F. Figure Credits 6.26 Source: http
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F. Figure Credits 8.24 Credit: Hu &
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Subject Index 453 A AB magnitudes 4
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Subject Index 455 Doppler effect 38
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Subject Index 457 -dampedLyα syste
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Subject Index 459 virial theorem 13
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