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E. Acronyms Used 438 GRB Gamma-Ray Burst (Sects. 1.3.5, 9.7) GUT Grand Unified Theory (Sect. 4.5.3) Gyr Gigayear = 10 9 years HB Horizontal Branch HCG Hickson Compact Group (catalog of galaxy groups, Sect. 6.2.8) HDF(N/S) Hubble Deep Field (North/South) (Sects. 1.3.3, 9.1.3) HDM Hot Dark Matter (Sect. 7.4.1) HEAO High-Energy Astrophysical Observatory (Sect. 1.3.5) HRD Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram (Appendix B) HRI High-Resolution Imager (ROSAT instrument) HST Hubble Space Telescope (Sect. 1.3.3) HVC High-Velocity Cloud (Sect. 2.3.6) IAU International Astronomical Union ICM Intracluster Medium (Chap. 6) IGM Intergalactic Medium (Sect. 8.5.2) IMF Initial-Mass Function (Sect. 3.9.1) IoA Institute of Astronomy (Cambridge) IR Infrared (Sect. 1.3.2) IRAS Infrared Astronomical Observatory (Sect. 1.3.2) ISM Interstellar Medium ISO Infrared Space Observatory (Sect. 1.3.2) IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer JCMT James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (Sect. 1.3.1) JVAS Jodrell Bank–VLA Astrometric Survey (Sect. 3.8.3) JWST James Webb Space Telescope (Chap. 10) KAO Kuiper Airborne Observatory (Sect. 1.3.2) LBG Lyman-Break Galaxies (Sect. 9.1.1) LCRS Las Campanas Redshift Survey (Sect. 8.1.2) LHC Large Hadron Collider LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (Chap. 10) LMC Large Magellanic Cloud LOFAR Low-Frequency Array (Chap. 10) LSB galaxy Low Surface Brightness galaxy (Sect. 7.5.4) LSR Local Standard of Rest (Sect. 4.2.1) LSS Large-Scale Structure (Chap. 8) MACHO Massive Compact Halo Object (and collaboration of the same name, Sect. 2.5) MAMBO Max-Planck Millimeter Bolometer (Sect. 9.3.2) MAXIMA Millimeter Anisotropy Experiment Imaging Array (Sect. 8.6.4) MDM Mixed Dark Matter (Sect. 7.4.2) MIR Mid-Infrared MLCS Multicolor Light Curve Shape (Sect. 8.3.1) MMT Multi-Mirror Telescope MS Main Sequence MW Milky Way NAOJ National Astronomical Observatory of NFW Japan Navarro, Frenk & White (-profile, Sect. 7.5.4) NGC New General Catalog (Chap. 3) NGP North Galactic Pole (Sect. 2.1) NICMOS Near Infrared Camera and Multi- Object Spectrometer (HST instrument) NIR Near-Infrared NLR Narrow-Line Region (Sect. 5.4.3) NLRG Narrow-Line Radio Galaxy (Sect. 5.2.3) NOAO National Optical Astronomy Observatory NRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory NTT New Technology Telescope OGLE Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (microlenses collaboration, Sect. 2.5) OVV Optically Violently Variable (Sect. 5.2.4) PL Period–Luminosity (Sect. 2.2.7) PLANET Probing Lensing Anomalies Network (microlenses collaboration, Sect. 2.5) PN Planetary Nebula POSS Palomar Observatory Sky Survey PSF Point-Spread Function PSPC Position-Sensitive Proportional Counter (ROSAT instrument) QSO Quasi-Stellar Object (Sect. 5.2.1)
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Peter Schneider Extragalactic Astro
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Prof. Dr. Peter Schneider Argelande
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Preface VI ter aspects are discusse
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List of Contents VIII 2.5.1 The Gra
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List of Contents X 5. Active Galact
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List of Contents XII 8. Cosmology I
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List of Contents XIV D. Recommended
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1. Introduction and Overview 2 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 4 othe
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1. Introduction and Overview 6 obje
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1. Introduction and Overview 8 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 10 Fig
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1. Introduction and Overview 16 of
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1. Introduction and Overview 18 app
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1. Introduction and Overview 26 spe
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2. The Milky Way as a Galaxy 35 The
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2.2 Determination of Distances With
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy a c
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy B-s
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fro
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy tha
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy 57 2.4
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy which
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy where
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy center
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2.5 The Galactic Microlensing Effec
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2.6 The Galactic Center have been e
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2.6 The Galactic Center 79 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center Fig. 2.36.
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2.6 The Galactic Center 83 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center hence, this
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3. The World of Galaxies 88 million
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3. The World of Galaxies 90 100M
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3. The World of Galaxies 92 Table 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 94 arrives
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96 3. The World of Galaxies This in
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3. The World of Galaxies 98 Boxines
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3. The World of Galaxies 100 Wherea
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3. The World of Galaxies 102 the po
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3. The World of Galaxies 104 The ki
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3. The World of Galaxies 106 Fig. 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 108 where
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3. The World of Galaxies 110 angula
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3. The World of Galaxies 116 LMC sh
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3. The World of Galaxies 118 should
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3. The World of Galaxies 124 The de
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3. The World of Galaxies 130 An eve
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3. The World of Galaxies 132 3.9 Po
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3. The World of Galaxies 136 3.9.4
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3. The World of Galaxies 140 by no
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4. Cosmology I: Homogeneous Isotrop
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 176 Fig.
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 178 the r
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 180 of re
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 182 emiss
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 184 surve
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 186 chang
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188 5. Active Galactic Nuclei diffe
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 194 For a
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 196 5.4.2
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 198 wheth
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 202 There
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 204 Binar
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs ing t
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs 209 Fi
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs relati
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs 213 Fi
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology a given freq
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology Φ(L, z) dL
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology at very high
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 222 QSO w
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6.2 Galaxies in Clusters and Groups
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6.3 X-Ray Radiation from Clusters o
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6.4 Scaling Relations for Clusters
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6.4 Scaling Relations for Clusters
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6.5 Clusters of Galaxies as Gravita
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects M/L ≈ 80
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects 271 Fig. 6
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects Fig. 6.45.
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects satellites
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7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneities in
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280 7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneitie
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8. Cosmology III: The Cosmological
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies a
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies SD
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies 31
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Physical space Linear regime Redshi
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies ie
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8.2 Cosmological Parameters from Cl
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8.2 Cosmological Parameters from Cl
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8.3 High-Redshift Supernovae and th
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8.3 High-Redshift Supernovae and th
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8.4 Cosmic Shear ity one can separa
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest F
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest p
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest 3
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8.6 Angular Fluctuations of the Cos
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters smaller
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters Fig. 8.
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters measure
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9. The Universe at High Redshift 35
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift one e
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift Fig.
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift neutr
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift break
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift to sc
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift the H
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies 369 Fig.
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies dust. A m
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies 373 Fig.
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies Fig. 9.21
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies tons whic
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9.3 Background Radiation at Smaller
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9.3 Background Radiation at Smaller
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9.4 Reionization of the Universe Th
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9.4 Reionization of the Universe 9.
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9.5 The Cosmic Star-Formation Histo
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9.5 The Cosmic Star-Formation Histo
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9.6 Galaxy Formation and Evolution
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9.7 Gamma-Ray Bursts 403 Fig. 9.41.
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9.7 Gamma-Ray Bursts Hypernovae. At
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10. Outlook 408 Fig. 10.2. The coll
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10. Outlook 410 hope to study gas p
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Page 890: C. Units and Constants 431 In this
Page 896: D. Recommended Literature 434 • R
Page 902: E. Acronyms Used 437 In this append
Page 910: F. Figure Credits 441 Chapter 1 1.1
Page 914: F. Figure Credits 1.25 Source: R. W
Page 918: F. Figure Credits Nik Szymanek. bot
Page 922: F. Figure Credits 5.5 Credit: Laing
Page 926: F. Figure Credits 6.26 Source: http
Page 930: F. Figure Credits 8.24 Credit: Hu &
Page 934: Subject Index 453 A AB magnitudes 4
Page 938: Subject Index 455 Doppler effect 38
Page 942: Subject Index 457 -dampedLyα syste
Page 946: Subject Index 459 virial theorem 13
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