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F. Figure Credits 442 X-Ray: Data from the X-Ray Satellite (ROSAT) Credit: Image courtesy of the NASA GSFC Astrophysics Data Facility (ADF). Reference: Snowden, S. L., et al. 1997 Astrophys. J., 485, 125. Online data access: ROSAT All-Sky Survey at MPE ROSAT data archives at the HEASARC: http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/rosat/ Gamma Ray: Data from the Energetic Gamma- Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) Credit: Image courtesy of the NASA GSFC Astrophysics Data Facility (ADF). References: Hartman, R. C., et al. 1999, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 123, 79. Hunter, S. D., et al. 1997, Astrophys. J., 481, 205. Online data access: EGRET instrument team’s Home Page EGRET data from the Compton Observatory SSC http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/egret/index.html 1.6 Credit: S. Hughes & S. Maddox - Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes 1.7 Credit: M. Altmann, Observatory Bonn University 1.8 Source: http://www.astro.princeton.edu/ frei/ Gcat_htm/Sub_sel/gal_4486.htm Credit: Z. Frei, J. E. Gunn, Princeton University 1.9 Source: Hale Observatories Credit: J. Silk, The Big Bang, 2nd Ed. 1.10 Source: E. Hubble; Proc. Nat. Academy Sciences 15, No. 3, March 15, 1929 Credit: PNAS 1.11 Source: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/ newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/35/image/b. Credit: John Bahcall (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) and NASA 1.12 Source: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/ newsdesk/archive/releases/1997/17/image/a. Credit: Rodger Thompson, Marcia Rieke, Glenn Schneider (University of Arizona) and Nick Scoville (California Institute of Technology), and NASA 1.13 Source: http://heritage.stsci.edu/1999/41/ index.html. Credit: STScI and The Hubble Heritage Project 1.14 Source: www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/ im0118.html Credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF 1.15 Source: http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/0087/ Credit: Optical: La Palma/B. McNamara/X-Ray: NASA/CXC/SAO 1.16 Source: http://heritage.stsci.edu/1999/31/ index.html Credit: STScI und das Hubble Heritage Project 1.17 Source: http://aether.lbl.gov/www/projects/cobe/ COBE_Home/DMR_Images.html Credit: COBE/DRM Team, NASA 1.18 Source: http://www.nrao.edu/imagegallery/php/ level3.php?id=107 Credit: NRAO/AUI 1.19 Source: http://www.naic.edu/public/about/photos/ hires/ao004.jpg Courtesy of the NAIC - Arecibo Observatory, a facility of the NSF. Photo by David Parker / Science Photo Library 1.20 left: Source: http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/ public/images/100m.html Credit: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy 1.20 right: Source: http://www.nrao.edu/imagegallery/ php/level3.php?id=412 Credit: NRAO/AUO 1.21 Source: http://webdbnasm.si.edu/tempadmin/ whatsNew/whatsNewImages/s- Credit: NRAO/AUO 1.22 Source: http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/ bertoldi/mambo/intro.html Credit: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy 1.23 Source: http://outreach.jach.hawaii.edu/ pressroom/2003-scuba2cfi/jcmt.jpg Credit: Joint Astronomy Centre 1.24 left: Source: http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/ about/earlyhist.shtml Credit: Courtesy NASA/IPAC 1.24 right: Source: http://www.esa.int/esaSC/ 120396_index_1_m.html Credit: ESA / www.esa.int
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Peter Schneider Extragalactic Astro
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Prof. Dr. Peter Schneider Argelande
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Preface VI ter aspects are discusse
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List of Contents VIII 2.5.1 The Gra
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List of Contents X 5. Active Galact
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List of Contents XII 8. Cosmology I
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List of Contents XIV D. Recommended
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1. Introduction and Overview 2 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 4 othe
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1. Introduction and Overview 6 obje
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1. Introduction and Overview 8 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 10 Fig
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1. Introduction and Overview 16 of
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1. Introduction and Overview 18 app
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1. Introduction and Overview 26 spe
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2. The Milky Way as a Galaxy 35 The
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2.2 Determination of Distances With
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy a c
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy B-s
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fro
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy tha
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy 57 2.4
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy which
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy where
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy center
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2.5 The Galactic Microlensing Effec
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2.6 The Galactic Center have been e
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2.6 The Galactic Center 79 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center Fig. 2.36.
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2.6 The Galactic Center 83 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center hence, this
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3. The World of Galaxies 88 million
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3. The World of Galaxies 90 100M
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3. The World of Galaxies 92 Table 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 94 arrives
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96 3. The World of Galaxies This in
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3. The World of Galaxies 98 Boxines
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3. The World of Galaxies 100 Wherea
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3. The World of Galaxies 102 the po
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3. The World of Galaxies 104 The ki
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3. The World of Galaxies 106 Fig. 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 108 where
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3. The World of Galaxies 110 angula
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3. The World of Galaxies 116 LMC sh
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3. The World of Galaxies 118 should
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3. The World of Galaxies 124 The de
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3. The World of Galaxies 130 An eve
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3. The World of Galaxies 132 3.9 Po
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3. The World of Galaxies 136 3.9.4
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3. The World of Galaxies 140 by no
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4. Cosmology I: Homogeneous Isotrop
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 176 Fig.
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 178 the r
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 180 of re
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 182 emiss
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 184 surve
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 186 chang
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188 5. Active Galactic Nuclei diffe
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 194 For a
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 196 5.4.2
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 198 wheth
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 202 There
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 204 Binar
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs ing t
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs 209 Fi
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs relati
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs 213 Fi
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology a given freq
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology Φ(L, z) dL
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology at very high
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 222 QSO w
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6.2 Galaxies in Clusters and Groups
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6.3 X-Ray Radiation from Clusters o
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6.4 Scaling Relations for Clusters
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6.4 Scaling Relations for Clusters
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6.5 Clusters of Galaxies as Gravita
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects M/L ≈ 80
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects 271 Fig. 6
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects Fig. 6.45.
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects satellites
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7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneities in
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280 7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneitie
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8. Cosmology III: The Cosmological
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies a
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies SD
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies 31
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Physical space Linear regime Redshi
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies ie
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8.2 Cosmological Parameters from Cl
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8.2 Cosmological Parameters from Cl
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8.3 High-Redshift Supernovae and th
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8.3 High-Redshift Supernovae and th
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8.4 Cosmic Shear ity one can separa
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest F
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest p
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest 3
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8.6 Angular Fluctuations of the Cos
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters smaller
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters Fig. 8.
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters measure
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9. The Universe at High Redshift 35
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift one e
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift Fig.
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift neutr
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift break
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift to sc
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift the H
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies 369 Fig.
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies dust. A m
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies 373 Fig.
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies Fig. 9.21
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies tons whic
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9.3 Background Radiation at Smaller
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9.3 Background Radiation at Smaller
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9.4 Reionization of the Universe Th
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9.4 Reionization of the Universe 9.
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9.5 The Cosmic Star-Formation Histo
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9.5 The Cosmic Star-Formation Histo
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9.6 Galaxy Formation and Evolution
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9.7 Gamma-Ray Bursts 403 Fig. 9.41.
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9.7 Gamma-Ray Bursts Hypernovae. At
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10. Outlook 408 Fig. 10.2. The coll
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10. Outlook 410 hope to study gas p
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10. Outlook 412 lightest supersymme
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10. Outlook 414 a tendency to ‘ju
Page 862: A. The Electromagnetic Radiation Fi
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Page 870: A.4 The Magnitude Scale Fig. A.2. T
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Page 880: B. Properties of Stars 426 Since st
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Page 890: C. Units and Constants 431 In this
Page 896: D. Recommended Literature 434 • R
Page 902: E. Acronyms Used 437 In this append
Page 906: E. Acronyms Used RASS ROSAT All Sky
Page 914: F. Figure Credits 1.25 Source: R. W
Page 918: F. Figure Credits Nik Szymanek. bot
Page 922: F. Figure Credits 5.5 Credit: Laing
Page 926: F. Figure Credits 6.26 Source: http
Page 930: F. Figure Credits 8.24 Credit: Hu &
Page 934: Subject Index 453 A AB magnitudes 4
Page 938: Subject Index 455 Doppler effect 38
Page 942: Subject Index 457 -dampedLyα syste
Page 946: Subject Index 459 virial theorem 13
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