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Subject Index 456 gravitational instability 278–282 gravitational lenses 65, 121–131 – clusters of galaxies as lenses 260–269, 368 – cosmic shear 329–330 – critical surface mass density 122, 128 – Einstein radius 124, 126, 261 – Einstein ring 67, 125, 126, 128 – galaxies as lenses 121–131 – Hubble constant 130, 254 – luminous arcs 260–264, 356 – magnification 67–69, 123, 367–369 – mass determination 126, 128, 130 – microlensing effect 64–77 – multiple images 65, 66, 123, 125–129, 261, 368 – point-mass lenses 123 – search for clusters of galaxies 269 – shear 265 – substructure 304–306 – weak lensing effect 102, 264–269, 329–330, 338 gravitational redshift 337 gravitational waves 307, 400 Great Attractor 320 Great Debate 87 Great Wall 277, 311 Green Bank Telescope 20 groups of galaxies 14 growth factor D + 292, 322 Gunn–Peterson test 382 H Harrison–Zeldovich fluctuation spectrum 285, 307, 339, 344 HEAO-1 31 heliocentric velocity 38 helium abundance 142, 164–165 Herschel satellite 380, 410 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HRD) 133 Hickson compact groups 237 hierarchical structure formation 293, 303, 374, 391–392 high-velocity cloud (HVC) 56, 227 HII region 51 HIPPARCOS 37, 38, 426 Holmberg effect 225, 397 horizon 170–171, 287 horizon length 171, 339 horizon problem 171, 173, 307 hot dark matter (HDM) 286 Hubble classification of galaxies 88–89, 366, 390 Hubble constant H 0 9, 114, 116, 117, 154, 344, 352 – scaled Hubble constant h 10 Hubble Deep Field(s) 26, 364–367 Hubble diagram 9, 158, 325, 326, 328 Hubble Key Project 116 Hubble law 8, 9, 114, 146, 156, 325 Hubble radius 145 Hubble sequence see galaxies Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 25, 26, 110, 212, 261, 362, 409 Hubble time 144 hypernovae 405 hypervelocity stars 84 I inflation 173–174, 412, 307–412 initial mass function (IMF) 132, 387 Integral satellite 33 integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect (ISW) 338–340, 349 interactions of galaxies 218 interferometry 21 intergalactic medium 331–332, 334, 357, 382, 385 ionization parameter 205 IRAS 23, 311, 321, 342, 370, 374 irregular galaxies see galaxies ISO 24, 370, 374, 380 isochrones 133 isophote 88 isothermal sphere 123, 232–233, 247, 261 IUE 30 J James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) 22 James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 409 Jeans mass 383–384 jets 178, 190, 191, 196, 211–215, 251 K K-correction 375 Keck telescope 2, 25, 27, 357, 407 King models 233, 247 Kirchhoff’s law 418 Kormendy relation 92 L large-scale structure of the Universe 307, 309 – galaxy distribution 309–321, 344 – numerical simulations 293–297 – power spectrum 284–289, 291, 307, 313–318, 330, 335, 338 Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS) 311 last-scattering surface 168 late-type galaxies 88 light cone 142 light pollution 18 Limber equation 318 line transitions: allowed, forbidden, semi-forbidden 201 linearly extrapolated density fluctuation field 281 linearly extrapolated power spectrum 286 LISA 400, 411 Local Group 14, 223–228 – galaxy content 224–225 – mass estimate 225–227 local st<strong>and</strong>ard of rest (LSR) 57 LOFAR 410 Lorentz factor 190 luminosity – bolometric 423 – in a filter b<strong>and</strong> 423 luminosity classes 425–426 luminosity distance 157, 158, 325, 327 luminosity function 117 – of galaxies 117–119, 230, 322, 372, 394, 396 – of quasars 216–219, 333 luminous arcs see gravitational lenses Lyman-α blobs 378 Lyman-α forest 219, 220, 351, 357, 385, 386 – as a tool for cosmology 335–336
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Peter Schneider Extragalactic Astro
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Prof. Dr. Peter Schneider Argelande
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Preface VI ter aspects are discusse
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List of Contents VIII 2.5.1 The Gra
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List of Contents X 5. Active Galact
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List of Contents XII 8. Cosmology I
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List of Contents XIV D. Recommended
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1. Introduction and Overview 2 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 4 othe
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1. Introduction and Overview 6 obje
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1. Introduction and Overview 8 Fig.
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1. Introduction and Overview 10 Fig
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1. Introduction and Overview 16 of
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1. Introduction and Overview 18 app
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1. Introduction and Overview 26 spe
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2. The Milky Way as a Galaxy 35 The
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2.2 Determination of Distances With
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy a c
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fig
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy B-s
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy Fro
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2.3 The Structure of the Galaxy tha
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy 57 2.4
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy which
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy where
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2.4 Kinematics of the Galaxy center
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2.5 The Galactic Microlensing Effec
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2.6 The Galactic Center have been e
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2.6 The Galactic Center 79 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center Fig. 2.36.
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2.6 The Galactic Center 83 Fig. 2.3
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2.6 The Galactic Center hence, this
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3. The World of Galaxies 88 million
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3. The World of Galaxies 90 100M
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3. The World of Galaxies 92 Table 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 94 arrives
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96 3. The World of Galaxies This in
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3. The World of Galaxies 98 Boxines
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3. The World of Galaxies 100 Wherea
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3. The World of Galaxies 102 the po
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3. The World of Galaxies 104 The ki
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3. The World of Galaxies 106 Fig. 3
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3. The World of Galaxies 108 where
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3. The World of Galaxies 110 angula
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3. The World of Galaxies 116 LMC sh
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3. The World of Galaxies 118 should
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3. The World of Galaxies 124 The de
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3. The World of Galaxies 130 An eve
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3. The World of Galaxies 132 3.9 Po
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3. The World of Galaxies 136 3.9.4
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3. The World of Galaxies 140 by no
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4. Cosmology I: Homogeneous Isotrop
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 176 Fig.
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 178 the r
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 180 of re
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 182 emiss
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 184 surve
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 186 chang
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188 5. Active Galactic Nuclei diffe
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 194 For a
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 196 5.4.2
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 198 wheth
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 202 There
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 204 Binar
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs ing t
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs 209 Fi
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs relati
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5.5 Family Relations of AGNs 213 Fi
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology a given freq
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology Φ(L, z) dL
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5.6 AGNs and Cosmology at very high
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5. Active Galactic Nuclei 222 QSO w
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
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6.2 Galaxies in Clusters and Groups
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6.3 X-Ray Radiation from Clusters o
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6.4 Scaling Relations for Clusters
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6.4 Scaling Relations for Clusters
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6.5 Clusters of Galaxies as Gravita
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects M/L ≈ 80
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects 271 Fig. 6
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects Fig. 6.45.
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6.6 Evolutionary Effects satellites
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7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneities in
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280 7. Cosmology II: Inhomogeneitie
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8. Cosmology III: The Cosmological
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies a
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies SD
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies 31
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Physical space Linear regime Redshi
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8.1 Redshift Surveys of Galaxies ie
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8.2 Cosmological Parameters from Cl
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8.2 Cosmological Parameters from Cl
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8.3 High-Redshift Supernovae and th
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8.3 High-Redshift Supernovae and th
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8.4 Cosmic Shear ity one can separa
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest F
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest p
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8.5 Origin of the Lyman-α Forest 3
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8.6 Angular Fluctuations of the Cos
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters smaller
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters Fig. 8.
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8.7 Cosmological Parameters measure
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9. The Universe at High Redshift 35
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift one e
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift Fig.
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift neutr
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift break
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift to sc
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9.1 Galaxies at High Redshift the H
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies 369 Fig.
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies dust. A m
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies 373 Fig.
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies Fig. 9.21
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9.2 New Types of Galaxies tons whic
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9.3 Background Radiation at Smaller
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9.3 Background Radiation at Smaller
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9.4 Reionization of the Universe Th
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9.4 Reionization of the Universe 9.
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9.5 The Cosmic Star-Formation Histo
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9.5 The Cosmic Star-Formation Histo
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9.6 Galaxy Formation and Evolution
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9.7 Gamma-Ray Bursts 403 Fig. 9.41.
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9.7 Gamma-Ray Bursts Hypernovae. At
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10. Outlook 408 Fig. 10.2. The coll
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10. Outlook 410 hope to study gas p
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10. Outlook 412 lightest supersymme
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10. Outlook 414 a tendency to ‘ju
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A. The Electromagnetic Radiation Fi
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A.3 Blackbody Radiation 419 whose o
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A.4 The Magnitude Scale Fig. A.2. T
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A.4 The Magnitude Scale depends on
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B. Properties of Stars 426 Since st
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B. Properties of Stars 428 Fig. B.3
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Page 902: E. Acronyms Used 437 In this append
Page 906: E. Acronyms Used RASS ROSAT All Sky
Page 912: F. Figure Credits 442 X-Ray: Data f
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Page 920: F. Figure Credits 446 3.45 left: Cr
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Page 936: Subject Index 454 321-324 - Abell c
Page 942: Subject Index 457 -dampedLyα syste
Page 946: Subject Index 459 virial theorem 13
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