Violence in Nigeria

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88 Map 4.2 Fatalities in events where cult societies were involved in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) Figure 4.5 Number of violent deaths caused by political issues, per year (June 2006-May 2014)
Conclusion 89 Although the media has been accused of fuelling the belief in witchcraft and cults, fatal cases reported by newspapers are as real as the threat associated with witchcraft in the mind of the African. The Nigeria Watch database shows that witchcraft-related violence is more prevalent in the southern than in the northern part of Nigeria. The main reason for this can be found in the history, traditions, and culture of these areas, and in the introduction to a foreign monotheistic religion, which occurred earlier in the North than in the South. In the case of cult killings, fatalities and incidents are highest in Rivers State. Although cult-related killings are also to be found in Nasarawa, Kwara, and Benue states, eight northern states were totally free of the problem, while in the South, all the states recorded at least one incidence of cult killing. However, empirical evidence connecting witchcraft and cult societies to violent deaths is low compared with the widespread belief in occult phenomena. References BONHOMME, J. (2012), The Dangers of Anonymity: Witchcraft, Rumor, and Modernity in Africa. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 2(2): 205-233. CIEKAWY, D. & P. GESCHIERE (1998), Containing Witchcraft: Conflicting Scenarios in Postcolonial Africa. African Studies Review 41(3): 1-14. EGBOCHUKU, E. (2009), Secret Cult Activities in Institutions of Higher Learning: Lessons from the Nigerian Situations. Studies of Tribes and Tribals 7(1): 17-25. ELEGBELEYE, O. (2005), Personality Dimension to University Campus Cult Membership. Anthropologist 7(2): 129. ELLIS, S. (2008), The Okija Shrine: Death and Life in Nigerian Politics. The Journal of African History 49(3): 445-466. ESSIA, U. (2012), The Social Economy of Child Witch Labeling in Nigeria: The Case of Akwa Ibom State. Science Journal of Psychology, Article ID sjpsych-289, 11 pp. Available at: http://www.sjpub.org/sjpsych/sjpsych-289.pdf. Accessed on 3 December 2014. HARNISCHFEGER, J. (2006), State Decline and the Return of Occult Powers: The Case of Prophet Eddy in Nigeria. Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 1(1): 56-78. University of Pennsylvania Press. IFEKA, C. & E. FLOWER (1997), Capturing the Global: Identities, Kinship, and Witchcraft Trials in Boki Society, Nigeria. KOHNERT, D. (1996), Magic and Witchcraft: Implication for Democratization and Poverty- Alleviating Aid in Africa. World Development 24(8): 1347-1355. KOHNERT, D. (2007), On the Articulation of Witchcraft and Modes of Production Among the Nupe, Northern Nigeria, GIGA-German Institute of Global and Area Studies / Institute of African Affairs. NYIAYAANA, K. (2011), From University Campuses to Villages: A Study of Grassroots-based Cult Violence in Ogoniland. ERAS 12(2), March.
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Violence in Nigeria A qualitative a
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African Studies Centre (ASC) Instit
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Contents LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST O
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List of figures 1.1 FRSC and Nigeri
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List of tables 1.1 Severity index o
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NDV Niger Delta Vigilante NHRC Nati
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Foreword The challenge of managing
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Introduction: Arguments for a quali
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customed to poor numbers shaping ho
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arrested and disappeared. As for Bo
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ual killings. As for the link betwe
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in 104 deaths between 2006 and 2014
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Trends and patterns of fatal road a
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all accidents on Nigerian roads inv
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sarawa State were killed in a multi
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safety measures. Christie argued th
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fatal road accidents because it rec
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Map 1.1 Fatalities caused by road a
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Figure 1.3 Vehicle types and road a
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Monthly analysis of fatal road acci
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driving, a situation that frequentl
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Table 1.3 Yearly breakdown of road
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However, the administration of Gove
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has been a large increase in the nu
Page 53 and 54: pecially along the Lagos-Sagamu-Iba
Page 55 and 56: 39 Conclusion This study has examin
Page 57 and 58: Patterns and trend analysis of viol
Page 59 and 60: of Nigeria on the country’s dilap
Page 61 and 62: a need to bring indigenous investor
Page 63 and 64: and the population (Oputa Panel Rep
Page 65 and 66: ating consistent numerical data tha
Page 67 and 68: due to oil distribution. Again, of
Page 69 and 70: 53 Map 2.2 Fatality rates resulting
Page 71 and 72: Figure 2.5 Number of deaths resulti
Page 73 and 74: Map 2.4 Fatality rates resulting fr
Page 75 and 76: Conclusion 59 It is important to st
Page 77 and 78: Trends and patterns of cattle grazi
Page 79 and 80: the location of the occurrence of i
Page 81 and 82: of the lands being equipped with bo
Page 83 and 84: Jigawa), July (Jigawa and Benue), S
Page 85 and 86: cattle to graze in violation of the
Page 87 and 88: Map 8. Fatality rates caused by cat
Page 89 and 90: Cattle grazing and lethal violence
Page 91 and 92: BLENCH, R. (2010), Conflict Between
Page 93 and 94: Trends and patterns of fatalities r
Page 95 and 96: Political context of witchcraft and
Page 97 and 98: anyone successful in business or ed
Page 99 and 100: 83 Figure 4.1 Number of violent dea
Page 101 and 102: Okechuku had told the Police that t
Page 103: The situation in these areas is act
Page 107 and 108: Muslims, Christians and religious V
Page 109 and 110: From this point, the third part of
Page 111 and 112: several incidences of violence inst
Page 113 and 114: violent deaths (Figure 5.2) with th
Page 115 and 116: against the security forces and civ
Page 117 and 118: Figure 5.3 Violent deaths involving
Page 119 and 120: which have a lethal connection betw
Page 121 and 122: nored. Based on the data, they repr
Page 123 and 124: Table 5.3 Violent deaths of Islamic
Page 125 and 126: ment’s JTF to engage members of t
Page 127 and 128: ping demonstrates that religious ca
Page 129 and 130: the intervention of the security fo
Page 131 and 132: Although some of the victims are cr
Page 133 and 134: ‘Court Martial’, respectively,
Page 135 and 136: chosen because the database started
Page 137 and 138: an annual average of 59% between Ju
Page 139 and 140: 123 Figure 6.2 Number of violent de
Page 141 and 142: than other of its relations, it wou
Page 143 and 144: tervene more in violent incidents i
Page 145 and 146: tion of the security forces, notabl
Page 147 and 148: Farah Dagogo, a factional leader of
Page 149 and 150: ty outfit in the state, the Special
Page 151 and 152: however, that both the attackers an
Page 153 and 154: to leverage their ethnic and religi
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CRIMINAL CODE ACT (1990), Laws of t
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Part II Fieldwork and surveys: A qu
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A survey of violence-related deaths
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Figure 7.1 Percentage of violent de
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one. The LGA is included in Enugu E
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Table 7.2 Violent events recorded i
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Table 7.3 Demographic characteristi
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of causes of
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A Survey of violence-related deaths
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Politically, the LGA is divided int
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This has been a source of problems
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eferred to as ‘gatekeeping’, an
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169 Data analysis and presentation
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Summary of findings As noted earlie
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Table 8.2 Violence types and fatali
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News judgment Reporters, who are th
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cated in Ido-Osun, which were still
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A study of violence-related deaths
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flicts. While most of these fatal i
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tion, as well as poultry farming, c
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Table 9.2 Violent deaths in Kurfi L
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Matazu LGA: Socio-economic, politic
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Table 9.5 Violent deaths in Ingawa
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Ineffective news media coverage as
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State. Until they founded their res
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A study of violence-related deaths
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Gudu, Gwadabawa, Illela and Sakaba:
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market their harvests outside Sakab
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Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
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Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
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Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
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Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
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Compared with Gudu, Gwadabawa LGA e
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Table 10.4 Violent incidents in Ill
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frequency of incidents, the princip
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er, certain parts of Sakaba are kno
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Postscript: The next challenge: Sta
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