Violence in Nigeria

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28 vehicles carrying passengers and cows. 33 The traffic pressure on the road during the seasonal period increased fatal car accidents. Evading bad portions of the road led to fatal car accidents nationwide. In Sokoto, ten people died in an auto crash involving two J5 mini-buses. One of the vehicles had attempted to dodge pot-holes and the driver suddenly lost control. 34 Another incident happened in November 2013 along the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, where a multiple accident claimed 23 lives. 35 The crash occurred when a tanker loaded with petrol lost control and rammed into trailers parked by the roadside, igniting an inferno that burnt other vehicles trapped in the pile-up. Similar conditions apply to the Easter period. On 3 April 2013, for instance, 70 people died after a double-decker bus, a haulage truck, and a petrol tanker collided along the Benin-Ore Expressway. The tanker exploded and killed most people on board the bus. 36 Two days later, a multiple accident involving a Dangote cement-laden trailer, a tanker, and a luxury bus led to the death of 60 persons in Edo. The bus lost control and rammed into the trailer and the trailer into the tanker. The victims were burnt beyond recognition. Approximately ten motorcycles and 15 shops were destroyed by the fire. 37 On the same day in Anambra, another multiple accident involving a trailer, two mini-buses belonging to the Rivers State Transport Company (RSTC), and two other vehicles claimed 25 lives. 38 Within a space of two days, 155 lives were lost on the road. Finally, a total of 1,463 persons died in fatal road accidents in the month of July between June 2006 and May 2014. July is the peak of the rainy season, when road markings are less visible, bridges collapse, trees fall, and rivers flood. Daily analysis of fatal road accidents in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) Figure 1.4 shows that 2,468 people died in 481 crashes on Mondays from June 2006 to May 2014. This was followed by Sundays, with 2,425 deaths in 477 fatal road accidents, and Saturdays, with 2,269 deaths in 465 crashes. These results confirm the assumption that more accidents happen during weekends and Monday (when people return to work). Weekends are marked by several religious and social activities that lead to huge pressure on the roads and often lead to fatal accidents. Party activities, night clubbing, and other social events occur mostly during weekends. With limited driving experience, most youths engage in drunk 33 34 35 36 37 38 http://www.nigeriawatch.org/index.php?urlaction=evtView&id_evt=12859&rang=2 http://www.nigeriawatch.org/index.php?urlaction=evtView&id_evt=12871&rang=3 http://www.nigeriawatch.org/index.php?urlaction=evtView&id_evt=12990&rang=4 http://www.nigeriawatch.org/index.php?urlaction=evtView&id_evt=11317&rang=1 http://www.nigeriawatch.org/index.php?urlaction=evtView&id_evt=11124&rang=2 http://www.nigeriawatch.org/index.php?urlaction=evtView&id_evt=12573&rang=3
driving, a situation that frequently leads to fatal road accidents. Smart et al. noted that limited driving experience, night-time driving, and fatigue are particular risks for young men. 39 Using data from the University of Port Harcourt, Eke et al. found that 70% of fatal accidents in Port Harcourt occur during the weekends. 40 People who travel back on Sundays to resume official duties on Mondays increase traffic volume and fatal road accidents. As for commercial drivers, they often try to recoup weekend expenses when they overload passengers and overspeed to complete more trips. 29 Figure 1.4 Fatal road accidents by days of the week (June 2006-May 2014) 3000 2500 2000 2468 2145 1982 1826 1975 2269 2425 1500 1000 500 481 457 442 378 370 465 477 0 Crashes Deaths State analysis of fatal road accidents in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) Although fatal car accidents are a nationwide calamity, the frequency and intensity varies from state to state. This section analyses the trends in fatal car accidents by state (Figure 1.6 and Table 1.3). 39 40 Smart, D., S. Vassallo, A. Sanson, S. Cockfield, A. Harris, W. Harrison & A. McIntyre (2005), In: The Driver’s Seat: Understanding Young Adults’ Driving Behaviour. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. Eke, N., E.N. Etebu & S.O. Nwosu (2000), Road Traffic Accident Mortalities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Anil Aggrawals Internet J. Forensic Med. Toxicol. 1(2).
Page 1: Violence in Nigeria A qualitative a
Page 5 and 6: African Studies Centre (ASC) Instit
Page 7 and 8: Contents LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST O
Page 9 and 10: List of figures 1.1 FRSC and Nigeri
Page 11 and 12: List of tables 1.1 Severity index o
Page 13 and 14: NDV Niger Delta Vigilante NHRC Nati
Page 15 and 16: Foreword The challenge of managing
Page 17 and 18: Introduction: Arguments for a quali
Page 19 and 20: customed to poor numbers shaping ho
Page 21 and 22: arrested and disappeared. As for Bo
Page 23 and 24: ual killings. As for the link betwe
Page 25: in 104 deaths between 2006 and 2014
Page 29 and 30: Trends and patterns of fatal road a
Page 31 and 32: all accidents on Nigerian roads inv
Page 33 and 34: sarawa State were killed in a multi
Page 35 and 36: safety measures. Christie argued th
Page 37 and 38: fatal road accidents because it rec
Page 39 and 40: Map 1.1 Fatalities caused by road a
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.3 Vehicle types and road a
Page 43: Monthly analysis of fatal road acci
Page 47 and 48: Table 1.3 Yearly breakdown of road
Page 49 and 50: However, the administration of Gove
Page 51 and 52: has been a large increase in the nu
Page 53 and 54: pecially along the Lagos-Sagamu-Iba
Page 55 and 56: 39 Conclusion This study has examin
Page 57 and 58: Patterns and trend analysis of viol
Page 59 and 60: of Nigeria on the country’s dilap
Page 61 and 62: a need to bring indigenous investor
Page 63 and 64: and the population (Oputa Panel Rep
Page 65 and 66: ating consistent numerical data tha
Page 67 and 68: due to oil distribution. Again, of
Page 69 and 70: 53 Map 2.2 Fatality rates resulting
Page 71 and 72: Figure 2.5 Number of deaths resulti
Page 73 and 74: Map 2.4 Fatality rates resulting fr
Page 75 and 76: Conclusion 59 It is important to st
Page 77 and 78: Trends and patterns of cattle grazi
Page 79 and 80: the location of the occurrence of i
Page 81 and 82: of the lands being equipped with bo
Page 83 and 84: Jigawa), July (Jigawa and Benue), S
Page 85 and 86: cattle to graze in violation of the
Page 87 and 88: Map 8. Fatality rates caused by cat
Page 89 and 90: Cattle grazing and lethal violence
Page 91 and 92: BLENCH, R. (2010), Conflict Between
Page 93 and 94: Trends and patterns of fatalities r
Page 95 and 96:
Political context of witchcraft and
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anyone successful in business or ed
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83 Figure 4.1 Number of violent dea
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Okechuku had told the Police that t
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The situation in these areas is act
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Conclusion 89 Although the media ha
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Muslims, Christians and religious V
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From this point, the third part of
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several incidences of violence inst
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violent deaths (Figure 5.2) with th
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against the security forces and civ
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Figure 5.3 Violent deaths involving
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which have a lethal connection betw
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nored. Based on the data, they repr
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Table 5.3 Violent deaths of Islamic
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ment’s JTF to engage members of t
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ping demonstrates that religious ca
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the intervention of the security fo
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Although some of the victims are cr
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‘Court Martial’, respectively,
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chosen because the database started
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an annual average of 59% between Ju
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123 Figure 6.2 Number of violent de
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than other of its relations, it wou
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tervene more in violent incidents i
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tion of the security forces, notabl
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Farah Dagogo, a factional leader of
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ty outfit in the state, the Special
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however, that both the attackers an
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to leverage their ethnic and religi
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CRIMINAL CODE ACT (1990), Laws of t
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Part II Fieldwork and surveys: A qu
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A survey of violence-related deaths
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Figure 7.1 Percentage of violent de
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one. The LGA is included in Enugu E
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Table 7.2 Violent events recorded i
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Page 169 and 170:
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Table 7.3 Demographic characteristi
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of causes of
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A Survey of violence-related deaths
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Politically, the LGA is divided int
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This has been a source of problems
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eferred to as ‘gatekeeping’, an
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169 Data analysis and presentation
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Summary of findings As noted earlie
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Table 8.2 Violence types and fatali
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News judgment Reporters, who are th
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cated in Ido-Osun, which were still
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A study of violence-related deaths
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flicts. While most of these fatal i
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tion, as well as poultry farming, c
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Table 9.2 Violent deaths in Kurfi L
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Matazu LGA: Socio-economic, politic
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Table 9.5 Violent deaths in Ingawa
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Ineffective news media coverage as
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State. Until they founded their res
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A study of violence-related deaths
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Gudu, Gwadabawa, Illela and Sakaba:
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market their harvests outside Sakab
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Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
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Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
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Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
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Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
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Compared with Gudu, Gwadabawa LGA e
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Table 10.4 Violent incidents in Ill
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frequency of incidents, the princip
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er, certain parts of Sakaba are kno
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Postscript: The next challenge: Sta
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